AND THE SURROUNDING DISTRICT. 43 
rule, that a deposit of calcareous tufa or shell-marl will be found under 
the vegetable mould around the margins of almost all our smaller lakes, 
these having occupied at one period a larger extent of surface than 
that included within their present areas. As a mineral manure, this 
calcareous deposit. ought to possess considerable value, but I did not 
find any particular importance attached to it either at Belleville or 
Trenton, and it seemed to be very little used. 
The limestone surface immediately under the Drift appears through- 
out the entire district to have been polished and grooved by glacial 
action; but it is only here and there, and more especially where a 
recent removal of the Drift deposit has taken place, that the results 
of this action are now visible. At the period of my visit to Belleville 
(June 1859) a beautiful example of polished and striated rock had just 
been laid bare in some drain excavations on the south side of Bridge 
Street, west of the Moira; and I observed the same effects on the 
exposed faces of limestone at “The Plains,’ between the Moira and 
the Shannon ; and, still more distinctly, opposite the Shannonville 
Station, on the north side of the Grand Trunk Railway. At the lat- 
ter locality, large slabs of rock exhibited a polished surface equal to 
that of plate-glass, with fine strize running across it in a general N.W. 
and S.E. direction. By the effect of weathering, however, these results 
of ancient glacial action become more or less rapidly obliterated. 
The Trenton limestone of the district in question is lithologically 
divisable into two distinct sets of beds. Of these, the upper are thin- 
bedded (passing indeed into shales,) and are exceedingly fossiliferous ; 
whilst the lower are thick-bedded and almost destitute of fossils. 
These lower beds are well displayed at the quarries on Ox Point, and 
at other places eastward along the Bay of Quinté. They form a most 
excellent building stone. The upper or thin-bedded limestones crop 
out extensively along the banks of the Trent, Moira, and Salmonrivers, 
and are exposed in most of the road cuttings of the district, and along 
the line of the Grand Trunk Railway. They literally teem with the 
more common fossils of the Trenton group. A list of those actually 
collected, is given below. These beds lie apparently in horizontal 
layers, but at Ox Point and other places some low anticlinals or 
undulations are visible, and a careful examination of the district shows 
a slight but general dip towards the south-west. A road cutting near 
the west bank of the Moira exposes a bed of calcareous clay about a 
foot im thickness interstratified with the shaly limestones of the upper 
