92 SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY NOTES. 
tion with reference to the manners and customs of the singular race who inhabit 
it, of their mode of government, and of the resources of -the country generally. 
Situated at the head of a bay, or rather gulf, so extensive that the opposite 
shores are not visible to each other, Yedo spreads itself in a continuous line of 
houses along its partially undulating, partially level margin, for a distance of 
about ten miles. Including suburbs, at its greatest width it is probably about 
seven miles across, but for a portion of the distance it narrows to a mere strip of 
houses. Any rough calculation of the population of so vast a city must necessaril- 
ly be very vague and uncertain ; but, after some experience of Chinese cities, two 
millions does not seem too high an estimate at which to place Yedo. 
In consequence of the great extent of the area occupied by the residences of 
the Princes, there are quarters of the town in which the inhabitants are very 
scarce. The citadel, or residence of the temporal Emperor, connot be less than 
five or six miles in circumference, and yet it only contains about 40,000 souls. On 
the other hand, there are parts of the city in which the inhabitants seem almost 
as closely packed as they are in Chinese towns. 
The streets are broad and admirably drained, some of them are lined with 
peach and plum trees, and when these are in blossom must present a gay and 
lively appearance. These which traverse the Prince’s quarter are for the most 
part as quiet and deserted as aristocratic thoroughfares generally are. Those 
which pass through the commercial and manufacturing quarters are densely 
crowded with passengers on foot, in chairs, and on horseback, while occasionally 
but not often, an ox waggon rumbles and creaks along. The houses are only of 
two stories, sometimes built of freestone, sometimes of sunburnt brick, and some- 
times of wood; the roofs are either tiles or shingles. The shops are completely 
open to the street ; some of them are very extensive, the show rooms for the more 
expensive fabrics being up stairs as with us. The eastern part of the city is built 
upon a level plain, watered by the Toda Gawa, which flows through this section 
of the town, and supplies with water the large moats which surround the citadel. 
It is spanned by the Nipon; has a wooden bridge of enormous length, celebrated 
as the Hyde Park Corner of Japan, as from it all distances throughout the empire 
are measured. Towards the western quarter of the city the country becomes 
more broken, swelling hills rise above the housetops, richly clothed with foliage, 
from out the waving masses of which appear the upturned gables of a temple, or 
the many roofs of a Pagoda. 
It will be some satisfaction to foreigners to know that they are not to be 
excluded for ever from this most interesting city, By the treaty concluded in it 
by Lord Elgin, on the first of January, 1862, British subjects will be allowed to 
reside there, and itis not improbable that a great portion of the trade may 
be transferred to it from Kanagawa. There is plenty of water and a good 
anchorage at a distance of about a mile and a half from the western suburb of 
Linagawa. 
The only other port which has been opened by the late Treaty in the Island of 
Nipon is the Port of Nee-e-gata, situated upon its western coast. As this port 
has never yet been visited by Europeans, it is stipulated that if it be found 
