238 METEOROLOGY. 
METEOROLOGY. 
MEAN METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS AT TORONTO, FOR THE YEAR 
1859. 
BY PROFESSOR KINGSTON, M.A., DIRECTOR OF THE PROVINCIAL MAGNETIC OBSERVATORY. 
(Read before the Canadian Institute, February 11th, 1860.) 
The mean temperature of the year 1859 was 44°.19, which differs only 0°.08 in 
excess from the average of 20 years. 
The mean temperatures of the several months were in six instances above and 
six below their respective averages. As shown by the table, the warmest 
month absolutely though relatively a cold one, was July, and the month that was 
absolutely coldest, though it was relatively warm, was February. The warmes® 
month relatively, was March, being 6°.27 above the average, and the relatively 
coldest month December, which was lower than the average by 8°.08. December 
was the coldest December on record, being 3°.2 colder than the coldest December 
previously recorded. 
The warmest day was July 12th, with a mean temperature 79°.88, and the 
coldest January 10th, with a mean temperature —8°.65. 
The highest temperature of the year was 88°0 being 2°.5 below the average. 
It occurred on July 12th, already mentioned as the warmest day. The lowest 
temperature of the year, occuring on January 10th, (also the coldest day in the 
year,) was —26°.5 being 14°.7 below the average, and the lowest ever recorded 
at the observatory. The absolute annual range thus amounted to 114°.5. 
Humidity.—The mean humidity of the year was .74, being nearly identical with 
that of 1858. The annual march, as exhibited in the monthly means, corresponded 
in its alternate increase and diminution, very accurately with that of the preceding 
year, and in most cases showed nearly exactly the same numbers. 
Clouds—The extent of sky clouded, on the average of the year, was nearly 3 
of the hemisphere, and for nine months the sky was on the average at least half 
overcast. This accords with the experience of previous years, but in the distribu- 
tion of cloudiness among the different months, a want of parallelism is apparent. 
Wind.—The resultant direction of the wind, was N 61° W. The mean velocity 
of the year was 8.17 miles per hour, which was 1.60 miles above the average, and 
shows an increase on the two preceding years. The most windy month was 
April, with a mean velocity 10.79 miles, and the least windy month May, with a 
mean velocity, 5.70 miles. The most windy day, was March 19th, when the mean 
velocity was 31.16 miles, the greatest recorded; and the calmest day Sep- 
tember 23rd. 
The most windy hour on the average of the year, was from 1 P.M. to2 P.M. 
witha mean velocity 11.00 miles; and the calmest hour, from midnight to 1 A.M, 
