GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. 307 
this way ; so that in many coal-seams we may have only a very small part of the 
vegetable matter produced. 
5. Lastly, the results stated in this paper refer to coal-beds of the middle coal- 
measures. A few facts which I have observed lead me to believe that, in the thin 
seams of the lower coal-measures, remains of Neggerathia and Lepidodendron are 
more abundant than in those of the middle coal-measures.* In the upper coal- 
measures similar modifications may be expected. These differences have been to 
a certain extent ascertained by Goeppert for some of the coal-beds of Silesia, and 
by Lesquereux for those of Ohio ;+ but the subject is deserving of further investi- 
gation, more especially by the means proposed in this paper, and which I hope, 
should time and opportunity permit, to apply to the seventy-six successive coal- 
beds of the South Joggins, 
HIPPURITE LIMESTONE IN JAMAICA. 
Mr. Lucas Barrett, Director of the Geological Survey of Jamaica, has discovered 
examples of Hippurites and Ventriculites in limestones of Cretaceous age in 
Jamaica. The Hippurite limestone occurs on the Plantain Garden River, and also 
on the central mountains at an elevation of 2,500 feet above the sea. These re- 
markable forms of the higher Cretaceous series, so abundant in Southern Europe, 
were met with some years ago, it may be remarked, by Ferdinand Remer, in Texas.{ 
CALCEOLA IN THE UPPER SILURIAN ROCKS OF TENNESSEE. 
Until quite recently, but one undoubted species of the genus Caleeola {viz., 
C. sandalina) was recognised by palzontologists. This species was thought also 
to be exclusively confined to Devonian rocks. Professor Stafford, in a paper pub- 
lished in a late number of Silliman’s Journal, now maintains, and apparently on 
good data, that the supposed QO. sandalina, of Tennessee, is a distinct species ; and 
that the deposits in which it occurs, belong really to the Niagara period. He pro- . 
poses for the new species, the name of Calceola Americana. It is associated in 
Fennessee with Orthis elegantula, Platyostoma Niagarensis, Caryocrinus ornatus, 
&e. It differs from C. Sundalina, in not exhibiting any groove or furrow on the 
central process of the larger valve; in the absence of the internal rows of punc- 
tures as occurring in the European species ; and by other well-marked characters. 
Good examples of (. sandalina (shewing the interior of the valves), may be seen 
in the collection of the University of Toronto. 
FOSSIL FOOT-TRACKS OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY. 
Mr. Roswell Field, of Greenfield, Massachusetts, who has devoted his leisure 
time for many years to the study of the supposed ornithichnites of the Connecti- 
eut sandstone, and whose collections of these remarkable tracks are perhaps un- 
* 1 may refer to my late paper on Devonian Plants from Canada for an example of a still 
older coal made up principally of remains of Lycopodiaceous plants of the genus Pstlophyton. 
(Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. No. 60, p. 477.) 
+ Report of Survey of Ohio, 1858. 
t Persons interested in Paleontology, will find examples of Hippurites, and other so-called 
Rudistes, in the Geological Museum of the University of Toronto, 
