REVIEWS—GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 459 
body of the copper ore. On the strike, these beds are exposed for about eight 
yards to the south-west. There is then an interruption, by the presence of a wall 
of the serpentine-like rock, which crosses the strike in the shape of a slender 
wedge, coming to a point north-westwardly, and gradually spreading out into the 
strata in an opposite direction. A farther quantity of copper conglomerate, how- 
ever, exists on the opposite side of this wedge-shaped wall. The condition of 
the rock to the north-east of the cross-cut has not yet been sufficiently ascertained 
to give any description of it, except from an excavation at the distance of about 
forty-five yards. Here a mass of ore has been mined for about two fathoms on 
the strike, commencing with a breadth of nine feet, and irregularly diminishing 
to the north-westward. Beyond the excavation, it appears to diminish farther, 
and probably thins out. On the north-west side, this mass was limited by lime. 
stone belonging to the line of isolated masses; and on the south-east by a mass of 
the serpentine-like rock, the face of which stands in a nearly vertical attitude. 
“In costeening pits, which have been carried across the strike of the upper 
part of the ore, at distances of about eighty yards on one side of the cross-cut 
and 110 yards on the other, indications of ore continue to exist in the stains of 
green carbonate and small masses of the sulphurets, but the work done is not 
sufficient to give facts that bear upon the mode in which the ore is connected 
with the rock. 
“To so far as the facts ascertained by the present condition of the excavations 
enable an opinion to be formed, it appears to me probable that the copper ore, 
mingled with silicious matter, constitutes the paste of a breccia or conglomerate, 
the fragments of which have been accumulated in a depression in the surface of 
the argillaceoys and silico-magnesian sediments forming the slates and their as- 
sociated harder masses, while the sulphurets of copper have been deposited from 
springs bringing the metal in solution from some more ancient formation. The 
whole condition of the case appears to bear a striking resemblance to those of the 
copper deposits of the Urals, as described by Sir Roderick Murchison, except 
that in Russia the ores are carbonates instead of sulphureis. 
“ However this may be, there is no doubt the mass of ore is a very important 
one. Already, after but nine weeks’ work, not far from 300 tons have been 
housed, supposed to contain about thirty per cent. of pure metal. The value of 
this quantity would be about $45,000; while, exclusive of lordship, the mining 
experses and those necessary to carry the ore to market will be comparatively 
small. The quantity of ore excavated appears to have produced but a moderate 
impression on the total mass in sight. 
“ Whether such another bunch of copper ore will be met with, associated with 
the limestones, it is impossible to say; but even should one exist, it would perhaps 
be too much to expect that it would be found immediately at the surface. 
“Many of the facts connected with the mode in which the copper ore of the 
conglomerate is related to the fragments, were ascertained by slitting a slab of 
the rock by means of a lapidary’s wheel, and polishing the surface. The same 
test has been applied to a block of the Upton conglomerate, and it is found that 
there is some analogy in the two cases, except that the Upton ore is altogether 
pyritous sulphuret, and much more thinly distributed among the fragments, 
