MINERALS AND GEOLOGY OF CANADA. 523 
masses of phosphate of lime, presenting a brown colour and shining 
lustre, occur also in the sandstones of the Sillery group (at the top 
of the Lower Silurian series) on the river Ouelle, and in the shales 
of Point Lévi in Canada East. These are supposed to be coprolites. 
It is perhaps needless to observe, that phosphate of lime, whether 
derived from inorganic or organic sources, constitutes an agricultural 
fertilizer or manure of the highest value. 
Tn this group, may be placed also, the Stlicate and Carbonate of Zine, but these 
minerals have not been discovered as yet ia Canada. The Silicate of Zine occurs 
chiefly in white or yellowish crystalline aggregations, or in botryoidal and sometimes 
earthy masses, often of a dull brownish yellow tint from intermixed peroxide of 
iron, and occasionally also coloured green by silicate of copper. The crystals are 
pyro-electric, and are slightly fusible on the edges. Sp. gr. 33-25; H. 50- 
Gives off water in the bulb-tube, and dissolves in heated hydrochloric acid. Com- 
position : Silica 25, oxide of zine 65:5, water 9°5. Carbonate of Zine, in colour, 
ete., resembles the silicate, but the crystals are rhombohedrons. H. 5.0; sp. gr. 
40-44. Dissolves with effervescence in acids. Composition: carbonic acid 35:2, 
oxide of zine 64-8. These minerals are frequently found intermixed. They consti- 
tute (with Red Zinc Ore) the essential ‘‘ores” of Zine, properly so-called. See 
the remarks under Zine Blende, B 3, (page 182) above. 
C3. Fusible. Not yielding water in the bulb-tube. 
Garnet :— Colour, chiefly red of various shades, but also black, 
brown, green (both dark and pale,) yellow, and even white. Com- 
mouly in erystals (rhombic dodecahedrons and trapezohedrons, figs. 
35 and 36) ; otherwise in granular and rounded masses, or amorphous, 
with lamellar structure. H. 6:5-7-5; sp. gr. 3°5-4-2. More or less 
easily fusible, the dark specimens yielding a magnetic bead. Compo- 
sition, essentially silica and alumina, (or silica, alumina and sesqui- 
oxide of iron,) with either lime, or magnesia, or protoxide of iron or 
manganese, or several of these bases 
combined. (See a very complete 
series of analyses in Dana’s “System 
of Mineralogy,” vol. 2, pages 191-2.) 
Garnets are of comparatively common 
occurrence in the gneissoid rocks of 
the Laurentian formation, more especi- 
ally in contact with beds of crystalline limestone. The mineral thus 
occurs in bands of gneiss properly so-called, quartz, hornblende 
rock, &c., along or near to the edges of the limestone beds in very 
many localities, although it is found also in various places more or 
Fig. 35. Ive Se 
