GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. 545 
‘constituting the dip; and multiply the quotient by the distance. The resulting 
product will give the thickness in feet. 
Examples :—(1.) Let the angle of dip==2° , and let the distance be 8 miles: 
92°15 x 2 x 8== 1444-40 (feet), 
(2.) Let the angle of dip = 5°, and let the distance be 5 chains or 330 feet: 
-01745 x 5 X 330 = 28°79 (feet). 
(8.) Let the dip = 20', and let the distance be 10 miles: (=>) 52 id) 
30716 (feet. 
The above rules, it will of course be understood, pre-suppose the non-existence 
of foldings, or other irregularities, in the strata to which they are applied. 
ee eee 
CANADIAN EXPEDITIONS TO THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 
We extract the following very favorable notice of the recent expeditions to the 
Red River, d&e., from the September Number of the American Journal of Science 
and Arts. Dr. Petermann, from whose Journal the notice is condensed, ranks as a 
well known authority amongst geographers :— 
“The interest which has been manifested in the Report of the Pallisser expedi- 
tion, leads us to condense and translate from Dr. Petermann’s excellent Mittheit- 
ungen (January, 1860) an account of the explorations of the Red River which 
were made in 1857 and 1858 by Gladman, Dawson, Hind, and Napier. We 
regret that we cannot reproduce the admirable maps which accompany the article. 
The writer in Petermann’s Journal remarks substantially as follows: 
Although the Canadians had long endeavoured to direct the attention of the 
British Government to that vast portion of British North America, which stood 
until very recently under the immediate supervision of the Hudson’s Bay Com- 
pauy, and had tried to induce them to effect a revision of the claims of that mer- 
cantile body, it was nevertheless, not until 1856, when gold was discovered in 
Fraser’s and Thompson’s rivers, that the British government took the matter into 
serious consideration, and in 1857 sent out an expedition (Pallisser’s expedition) 
and declared in 1858 New Caledonia, as it was called under the above mentioned 
company, an independent colony, to be known in future by the name of British 
Columbia. At the same time it was urged that the government of Canada might 
be empowered to incorporate adjacent portions of land, particularily the so-called 
Saskatchewan district, east of the Rocky Mountains, This expedition accomplished 
its chief object, to find a passage across the Rocky Mountains, and also reported 
favorably in regard to future settlements in the Saskatchewan district, which may 
be called the intermediate district between the settled portion of British North 
America and the new gold region in British Columbia. At the same time 
with Palliser’s expedition, another expedition was started directly by the Canadian 
goverment, and it is our object in the present paper, after having presented a few 
general remarks on the country, to give a brief synopsis of the course of this latter 
expedition. 
The Saskatchewan district between the Red River and the Rocky Mountains 
