.—— 
The eastward Course of Conquest in Asia. 11 
independence or even love of liberty, easily enslaved, and pas- 
sive under bondage. 
Into this country, considerably over a thousand years ago, the 
Mohammedans came and settled among the earlier inhabitants ; 
and now Brahmins, Mohammedans, Sudras, Dravidians and 
aborigines live together in all parts of India without anything 
in common—they never intermarry, their religious and domestic 
life and all their interests are in opposition ; this diversion of in- 
terests preventing them from uniting against foreign invaders or 
domestic tyrants. England, therefore, with an army of 220,300 
(British, 71,171; native, 149,129) rules the 287,000,000 people of 
India. There is scarcely a country in the world containing so 
great a diversity of tribes and races as India, where we find 
every stage of civilization, from the philosophic Hindu down to 
the most degraded savage. 
The arts of India were more original and varied than those of 
Rome; her forms of civilization present an ever-changing variety, 
such as are nowhere else to be found. Greece and Rome are 
dead, but India is a living entity and a complete cosmos in 
itself. Within the life of the present generation England has in- 
troduced great reforms, abolished inhuman customs, diffused ed- 
ucation, and built railroads in many directions, tending to over- 
throw caste and gradually change the character of the people. 
Greece. 
From Persia we turn to Europe and to Greece, the country 
with which Asia had for many centuries close connection. As 
the geographic situation of Phenecia gave commerce to the 
world, so the position of Greece, a short distance west of Phe- 
necia, gave a further and greater advance to civilization. 
Greece, the smallest of the three peninsulas of Europe, is the 
most bountifully endowed by nature. In variety of physical 
features it excels the countries of Europe, as Europe excels the 
other continents. Into its small territory are gathered all the 
peculiarities of the continent to which it belongs—mountains, 
valleys, rivers, a lovely climate and fine scenery, seas with deep 
gulfs studded with islands, the largest extent of sea-coast in pro- 
portion to its territory of any country. Its mountain ranges 
opening to the sea inclose fertile valleys, which naturally led to 
the formation of autonomous communities, in which each de- 
veloped its own political, social and artistic life independently 
