80 Hayes and Campbell—Appalachian Geomorphology. 
In order to represent in as graphic a manner as possible the 
present form of this Cretaceous peneplain a contoured map of 
the deformed surface has been constructed. Upon this map are 
assembled all available data derived from a careful comparison 
of the various known remnants of the plain within the province. 
The result appears as plate 5, and although regarded by the 
writers as preliminary, it embodies all the information at present 
attainable. Although imperfect, the map is highly suggestive, 
and it is hoped that it may lead to the construction of similar 
maps of other regions in which equally important results would 
‘undoubtedly be obtained. Different portions of the map repre- 
sent widely different proportions of fact and hypothesis, and 
hence differ in value. Thus in the southern part of the province 
the peneplain, as already described, is well preserved; also the 
map of this portion is based upon a large number of personal 
observations and may be considered fairly accurate. In some 
regions in the northern portion of the province only scanty re- 
mains of the peneplain can be found, and the evidence of its 
existence is so indefinite that while the present map is unsatis- 
factory it is doubtful if anything better can be constructed even 
with fuller field observations. Other portions are based upon 
a study of imperfect topographic maps or railroad profiles and 
verbal descriptions of topography, so that the results are corre- 
spondingly unsatisfactory. a 
As already indicated, the deformations of the Cretaceous pene- 
plain represented by the contour map (plate 5) are not the result 
of a single elevation or a single system of orogenic movements, 
but the algebraic sum of all movements both of elevation and 
depression which have affected the region since the peneplain 
was formed. Not only have the movements been in opposite 
directions and at different periods, but the axes of maximum 
motion have not always been the same nor even parallel; they 
have intersected at various angles, and the surface has been 
warped accordingly. The data are not sufficient for mapping all 
the details and a description of the principal axes only will be 
attempted. 
Longitudinal Axes of Elevation.—There are three principal lonei- 
tudinal axes, and so far as known, these are axes of elevation 
alone, though depression of which no record is left may have 
taken place along them also. They are indicated by broken 
lines on plate 5 and marked by the letters C D, KE Fand G H. 
