272 John H. Mitchell—Oregon 
fornia, and mount Rainier or Tacoma, in Washington. Slghtly 
east of mount Hood and but 70 miles distant, in what was once 
a part of Oregon territory, but now the state of Washington, 
stands mount Adams, 9,570 feet in height, named for John 
Quincy Adams. It is one of the five snowy peaks visible at the 
same time from nearly every point of northern Oregon. One 
hundred miles north of mount Hood and northwest of mount 
Adams, also in Washington, is mount Saint Helens, some 9,750 
feet in height, a magnificent cone, which is said to be frequently 
in a state of eruption, and which is confidently said to have been 
(as also Rainier) during the past year. Mr J. Quinn Thornton, 
one of Oregon’s earliest pioneers and chief justice of the terri- 
tory, in his “ History of Oregon and California,” asserts it was in 
a state of eruption in 1831. Frémont records the fact that it was 
“in a state of activity November 13, 1843.” The statement is 
well authenticated that in 1832 mount Saint Helens scattered 
ashes over the country to a distance of 100 miles, so obscuring 
the sunlight as to make it necessary to employ artificial hght at 
midday that distance from the mountain. There is a perpetual 
flow of hot water at a point in its southern slope, indicating that 
the volcanic forces are not entirely extinguished. 
The ascent of mount Hood from the south has been fr equently 
made, and in more recent years by men and women numbered 
by the hundred. On July 4, 1887, members of the Oregon Alpine 
club of Portland, Oregon, carried to its summit 100 pounds of 
illuminating red-fire. The illumination lasted 58 seconds and 
was seen from Portland on the west, a distance of 60 miles, and 
Prineville on the east, a distance of 80 miles. The illumination 
was repeated in 1888, when it is asserted heliographic communi- 
cations were exchanged with the Signal Service officers at Port- 
land. In July, 1894, a party numbering about 180 men and 
women ascended to its summit in two separate columns, one 
from the north, the other from the south. This mountain has 
emitted smoke at intervals since the earliest settlement of the 
country. 
Crater Lake. 
No less interesting are the lakes of Oregon, which sleep in silent 
beauty in the icy embrace of the mountains, some of them hun- 
dreds and even many thousands of feet above the level of the 
sea. They are numerous and of interest as deep as their placid 
