By-loAJOS. 91 



Officers and Managers shall be elected annually, by ballot, a majority 

 of the votes cast being necessary to an election ; they shall hold office 

 nntil their successors are elected ; and fehall have power to fill vacancies 

 occurring during the year. 



The President, or, in his absence, one of the Vice Presidents, shall 

 preside at the meetings of the Society and of the Board of Managers ; 

 he shall, together with the Recording Secretary, sign all written con- 

 tracts and obligations of the Society, and attest its corporate seal ; he 

 shall deliver an annual address to the Society. 



Each Vice President shall represent in the Society and in the Board of 

 Managers, a department of geographic science, as follows ; 



Geography of the Land, 

 Geography of the Sea, 

 Geography of the Air, 

 Geography of Life, 

 Geographic Art. 



The Vice Presidents shall foster their respective departments within 

 the Society ; they shall present annually to the Society summaries of 

 the work done throughout the world in their several departments. 



They shall be elected to their respective departments by the Society. 



The Vice Presidents, together with the two Secretaries, shall consti- 

 tute a committee of the Board of Managers on Communications and 

 Publications. 



The Treasurer shall have charge of the funds of the Society, shall 

 collect the dues, and shall disburse under the direction of the Board of 

 Managers ; he shall make an annual report ; and his accounts shall be 

 audited annually by a committee of the Society and at such other 

 times as the Board of Managers may direct. 



The Secretaries shall record the proceedings of the Society and of the 

 Board of Managers ; shall conduct the correspondence of the Society ; 

 and shall make an annual report. " , 



The Board of Managers shall transact all the business of the Society, 

 except such as may be presented at the annual meeting. It shall formu- 

 late rules for the conduct of its business. Nine members of the Board 

 of Managers shall constitute a quorum. 



ARTICLE V. 



DUES. 



The annual dues of active members shall be five dollars, payable dur- 

 ing the month of January, or, in the case of new members, within 

 thirty days after election. 



Annual dues may be commuted and life membership acquired by the 

 payment of fifty dollars. 



No member in arrears shall vote "at the annual meeting, and the 

 names of members two years in arrears shall be dropped from the roll 

 of membership. 



