118 National Geographic Magazine. 



Stanley Pool; and by one or the other of these routes the inte- 

 rior of Africa will be opened. 



South of the Kongo, the Portuguese are constructing a rail- 

 road from Benguela into the interior. In Cape Colony railroads 

 connect the greater part of the British possessions with the Cape 

 of Good Hope. A railroad is also being constructed from 

 Delagoa Bay to the mines in Transvaal. 



Sudan and the upper waters of the Nile can only be opened to 

 a large commerce by a railroad from Suakin to Berber, about 280 

 miles. Surveys were made for this road, and some work was 

 done upon it, just before Gen. Gordon's death. The navigation 

 of the Nile above Berber is uninterrupted for many hundred 

 miles. Below Berber the falls interrupt the navigation. The 

 route from Gondokoro down the Nile is by boat to Berber, camel 

 to Assuan, boat to Siut, and railroad to Cairo and Alexandria, 

 making a route so circuitous that it prevents the opening of the 

 Sudan to any extensive commerce. 



In Algiers there are 1,200 miles of railroad, and more are being 

 constructed. The French are constructing a railroad from the 

 upper part of the Senegal River to the head waters of the Niger. 

 The English have organized a company to construct a road from 

 the Gold Coast to the mines in the interior. 



It will thus be seen that the railroad has already opened a way 

 into Africa that is sure to be carried on more extensively. 



Stanley Expedition. 



There are two methods of exploring Africa. One is where an 

 individual, like a Livingstone, or a Schweinfurth, or a Dr. Junker, 

 departs on his journey alone. He joins some tribe as far in the 

 interior, on the line of exploration, as possible ; lives with the 

 tribe, adopting its habits and manner of life, learning its lan- 

 guage, making whatever explorations he can ; and, when the 

 region occupied by such tribe has been fully explored, leaves it 

 for the next farther on. This plan requires time and never- 

 failing patience ; but in this way large portions of Africa have 

 been explored. The other way, adopted by Cameron, Stanley, 

 Wissmann, and the Portuguese explorers, has been to collect a 

 party of natives, and at their head march across the continent. 



" An immense outfit is required to penetrate this shopless land, 

 and the traveler can only make up his caravan from the bazaar 



