120 National Geographic Magazine. 



The greatest difficulty the explorer meets comes either directly 

 or indirectly from the opposition of the slave-trader. Formerly 

 the slave-trader was not found in equatorial Africa; but, since the 

 explorer has opened the way, the slave-trader has penetrated far 

 into the interior, and is throwing- obstacles in the way of the 

 entry of Europeans into Africa. When it was decided that 

 Stanley should relieve Emin Pacha, he was left to choose his 

 route. He met Schweinfui-th, Junker, and other African 

 travelers, in Cairo. They advised him to go by his former route 

 directly from Zanzibar to the Victoria Nyanza. The dangers 

 and difficulties of this route, and the warlike character of the 

 natives, he well knew. The route by the Kongo to Wadelai had 

 never been traveled, and he thought the difficulties could not be 

 greater than by the old route; and, beside, he proceeded much 

 farther into the interior by steamer on the Kongo, which left a 

 much shorter distance through the wilderness than by the Zanzi- 

 bar route. On arriving at Zanzibar, he made an arrangement 

 with Tippo-Tip, the great Arab trader and slave-dealer, for a 

 large number of porters. They sailed from Zanzibar to the 

 Kongo, where Stanley arrived in February, 1887. He then 

 sailed up the Kongo, and arrived in June at the junction of the 

 Aruvimi with the Kongo, a shoi't distance below Stanley Falls. 

 Stanley believed that the Aruvimi and the Welle were the same 

 stream, and that by following up this river he would be on the 

 direct route to Wadelai. Subsequent investigations have shown 

 that he was mistaken. About the 1st of July he left the Kongo, 

 expecting to reach Emin Pacha in October, 1887. No definite 

 information has been received from him from that time to the 

 present. He le^ Tippo-Tip in command at Stanley Falls, and 

 expected that a relief expedition would follow. . There were great 

 delays in organizing this expedition, from the difficulty of ob- 

 taining men, and it was thought that Tippo-Tip was unfaithful. 

 The men were finally procured, and the expedition left Aruvimi 

 in June, 1888, under command of Major Barttelot. A day or 

 two after they started, Major Barttelot was murdered by one of 

 his private servants. The expedition returned to the Kongo, and 

 was re-organized under Lieut. Jamieson. He was taken ill, and 

 died just as he was ready to start, and no one has been found to 

 take his place; and that relief expedition was abandoned. Re- 

 ports say that Stanley found the route more difficult than he 

 anticipated ; heavy rainfall, rivers, swamps, and marshes ob- 



