224 National Geographic Magazine. 



and its southwest extension in the Bedford range, with the 

 less conspicuous Kishicoquilas highland, K, in the foreground. 

 Beyond all stretched the great Alleghany lowland plains. The 

 names thus suggested are compounded of the local names of to- 

 day and the morphological names of Permian time. 



What would be the drainage of such a country ? Deductively 

 we are led to believe that it consisted of numerous streams as 

 marked in full lines on the figure, following synclinal axes until 

 some master streams led them across the intervening anticlinal 

 ridges at the lowest points of their crests and away into the open 

 country to the northwest. All the enclosed basins woUld hold 

 lakes, overflowing at the lowest part of the rim. The general 

 discharge of the whole system would be to the northwest. Here 

 again we must resort to special names for the easy indication of 

 these well-marked features of the ancient and now apparently lost 

 drainage system. The master stream of the region is the great 

 Anthracite river, carrying the overflow of the Anthracite lakes 

 off to the northwest and there perhaps turning along one of the 

 faintly marked synclines of the plateau and joining the original 

 Ohio, which was thus confirmed in its previous location across the 

 Cai'boniferous marshes. The synclinal streams that entered the 

 Anthracite lakes from the southwest may be named, beginning on 

 the south, the Swatara, S, fig, 21, the Wiconisco, Wo, the Tus- 

 carora-Mahanoy, M, the Juniata-Catawissa, C, and the Wyoming, 

 Wy. One of these, probably the fourth, led the overflow from 

 the Broad Top lake into the Catawissa lake on the middle Anthra- 

 cite river. The Nittany highland formed a strong divide between 

 the central and northwestern rivers, and on its outer slope there 

 must have been streams descending to the Alleghany lowlands ; 

 and some of these may be regarded as the lower courses of Car- 

 boniferous rivers, that once rose in the Archean mountains, now 

 beheaded by the growth of mountain ranges across their middle. 



26. The Jura moxintaiiis homologous with the Permian Alle- 

 ghanies. — However willing one may be to grant the former 

 existence of such a drainage system as the above, an example of 

 a similar one still in existence would be acceptable as a witness 

 to the possibilities of the past. Therefore we turn for a moment 

 to the Jura mountains, always compared to the Appalachians on 

 account of the regular series of folds by which the two are char- 

 acterized. But while the initial topography is long lost in our 

 old mountains, it is still clearly perceptible in the young Jura> 



