518 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [16] 



From its peculiar appearance the sailors on the "Albatross" called this 

 species "boxing gloves." 



The second was also anew form, UupJirotiides cornutaY. (figs. 32-33a), re- 

 lated to E.depressa of the "Challenger" expedition. It has a large, conical, 

 median posterior elevation, double at the summit, and two pairs of large, 

 elevated, teat- like anterior tubercles. To the latter character the name 

 refers. In form it is not unlike B. gigantea, but it is smaller, narrower, 

 less massive, and has a much thinner, reddish brown, or purplish brown, 

 spiculose integument, without the cartilaginous character of the latter. 

 To this the sailors gave the name of " overshoes," which it somewhat 

 resembles in form and color. It has been taken in 855 to 1,735 fathoms. 



A large, brown, undescribed species of Synapta (8. hrychia V.), with 

 large anchors, was discovered in 938 fathoms. This genus has gener- 

 ally been considered as entirely confined to shallow water. 



Of Echini, we obtained two of the curious species having flexible 

 shells {Phormosoma placenta and P. uramis). The former was taken in 

 many localities and in considerable numbers. P. iiranus has often oc- 

 curred in 568 to 1,080 fathoms. Some of the specimens are 8 to 9 inches 

 in diameter, and of a rich jDurplish color, an unusual color for deep-sea 

 animals. P. placenta ranged from 458 to 1,230 fathoms. Other inter- 

 esting species, not i)reviously dredged by ns, and characteristic of the 

 greater depths, were Pourtalesia Jeffreysii, in 843 to 1,555 fathoms ; 

 Aerope r.ostrata, in 1,395 to 1,608 fathoms; Aceste bellidifera, in 1,395 to 

 1,467 fathoms; UreoJiinus Naresianus, in 1,309 fathoms; Salenia varis- 

 pina, in 547 fathoms. 



The EcJiinus Norvegicus was taken in large numbers in 1,043 to 1,255 

 fathoms, while Brissopsis lyrifera and Scliizaster fragilis were very fre- 

 quently dredged this season, the former in 938 to 1,555 fathoms, the 

 latter in 100 to 239 fathoms. 



The star-fishes were very numerous in the deep dredgings and are 

 represented by many interesting species. One of the most abundant 

 star-fishes was a fine, new, orange-red species of Zoroaster , of large size, 

 with slender spinose arms {Z. Biomedece V.). About two hundred spec- 

 imens of this occurred at station 2035. It was taken at many stations, 

 in 1,000 to 1,600 fathoms. The most common genus, as usual in very 

 deep water, was Ar chaster, of which numerous species occurred. Many 

 of these are very large and handsome forms, and are generally buff, 

 salmon, orange, or orange-red in color. Several are unlike those species 

 from less than 500 fathoms, taken by the " Fish Hawk." A large, new, 

 orange-colored ArcJiaster, with a very large madreporic plate {A. grandis 

 V.) occurred in great numbers at several stations, in very deep water, 

 often associated with Zoroaster Biomedece and BentJiopecten spinosus. It 

 has a small or moderate-sized, flat disk, closely covered with fine paxil- 

 Ise, with long, rather flat, tapering arms, having two rows of small mar- 

 ginal spines on each side. In several instances I have taken from the 



