ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS. 



523 



[21] 



larger E. hernhardus from shallow water, and in Sahinea princeps, from 400 

 to 900 fathoms, they are more than fifteen times as large as in IS. septem- 

 carinata, from 25 to 150 fathoms. The most remarkable cases are among 

 the deep-water genera. Galacantha rostrata and G. Bairdii, from be- 

 tween 1,000 and 1,500 fathoms, have eggs 3"^°^ in diameter in alcholic 

 specimens, while in the vastly larger lobster they are less than 2™"°. 

 The largest crustacean eggsf known to me are those of Parapasiphae sul- 

 catifrons (fig. 162), a slender shrimp less than 3 inches long, taken be- 

 tween 1,000 and 3,000 fathoms. Alcholic specimens of these eggs are fully 

 4 by 5"°" in shorter and longer diameter, fully ten times the volume of the 

 eggs of Pasiphae tarda from 100 to 200 fathoms, more than three hundred 

 and fifty times the volume of those of a much larger shallow- water PalcB- 

 mon, and each one more than a hundredth of the volume of the largest in- 

 dividual of the species. From the peculiar environment of deep-water 

 species it seems probable that many of them pass through an abbreviated 

 metamorphosis within the egg, like many fresh -water and terrestrial 

 species, and these large eggs are ai)parently adapted to producing young 

 of large size, in an advan(5ed stage of development, and specially fitted 

 to live under conditions similar to those environing the adults." 



"Among the Schizopoda there are two large species of Gnathophaiisia, 

 one over 4 inches in length, and a LophogasUr, all from below 2,000 

 fathoms. One of the most interesting Schizopods is a small TJiysanoessa 

 (a genus of Euphausidse) from 398 to 1,067 fathoms, of which one female 

 was found carrying eggs. The eggs are carried in an elongated and 

 flattened mass beneath the cephalothorax, are apparently held together 

 by some glutinous secretion, and are attached principally to the third 

 pair of peraeopods (antepenultimate cephalothoracic appendages)." 



One of the Schizopoda of frequent occurrence is Thysanopoda Norve- 

 gica, taken at the surface, and also apparently from 150 to 239 fathoms, 

 in the trawl- wings. 



" The Amphipoda from deep water are comparatively few in number, 

 and have not yet been carefully examined, but among them is one spec- 

 imen of the gigantic Eurytlienes gryllus Boeck (Lysianassa Magellanica 

 Milne-Edwards), probably the largest of all known Amphipoda. This 

 specimen, which is over 4^ inches long, and very stout in proportion, 

 was taken in 1,917 fathoms, north latitude 37o 56' 20", west longitude 

 70° 57' 30". The few previously known specimens came from Gape 

 Horn, Greenland, and Fiumark, and have apparently all been taken 

 from the stomachs of fishes. This species and its occurrence in the ex- 

 treme Arctic and Antarctic seas, has been much discussed, and is the sub- 

 ject of a long memoir by Lilljeborg, but the apparently anomalous dis- 

 tribution is explained by its discovery in deep water off our, middle 

 Atlantic coast." 



Other Amphipods are Themisto bispinosa, apparently from 373 to 1,348 

 fathoms, in trawl- wings ; and Epimeria loricata, in 168 to 239 fathoms. 



The Gumacea and Isopoda are each represented by several species, 



