530 EEPOET OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [28] 



Several fine species of Salpa, some of them of great size, often oc- 

 curred in abundance in our trawl, but they belong to the surface fauna, 

 and will be mentioned more particularly under that head, 



BRYOZOA. 



The Bryozoa collected have not yet been carefully studied. They are 

 usually not abundant in deep water, owing mainly to the absence of 

 favorable objects for attachment. Whenever we have met witb bowlders 

 or hard concretions in deep water we have generally found a number of 

 species of Bryozoa adhering to them. On the hard, spongy bottoms, in 

 65 to 125 fathoms, several species commonly occur, mixed with the 

 hydroids and sponges, or adhering to ascidians, shells, pebbles, &c. 

 One of the most interesting of these is a slender species of Salicornaria. 



On the stony bottoms off Nova Scotia, in about 100 fathoms, large 

 numbers of well-known northern species were taken. On stones and 

 hard concretions, taken at station 1124, in 640 fathoms, there are several 

 species, among which are Cellulariascabra, Discopora ovalis, and a Tuhu- 

 lipora. The two latter also occurred on stones from 234 fathoms, with 

 Memhranipora Flemingii and other species. The curiously branched 

 form, KinetosMas (or Bugulopsis) jiexilis V., occurred in 194 fathoms. 



SPONGES. 



The sponges obtained in this region have not yet been studied. Those 

 from deep water are not very numerous, but some of them are of great 

 interest. One large handsome, vase-like, vitreous sponge, resembling 

 Holtenia, was taken at station 2067, in 122 fathoms, off Nova Scotia. 

 A thin, felt-like species, belonging to the same group, occurred in 640 

 to 780 fathoms. A large, coarse-fibered, felt-like PhaJcelUa, growing in 

 semicircular or funnel-shaped fronds, was taken in 640 fathoms, together 



pression iu another. The dorsal margin is nearly straight, but swells out a little in 

 the middle, and is suhcarinate, Avith a row of small scattered papillae along the ridge. 

 The distal end is large, rounded, swollen, and bordered on each side by a distinct keel, 

 "which is covered with several crowded rows of prominent, rough, though soft jjapillsB, 

 which merge into a large, triangular patch of similar but larger j)apill9B, situated on 

 the dorsal side near the distal end, where the dorsal carina msets the lateral ones ; 

 the paxnllse in this cluster are large, stout, tapering to a point, and covered on all 

 sides with minute, conical spinules. The lateral rowsof papillae extend back to about 

 the middle of the body on the ventral side, where they meet, thus inclosing a large 

 ovate area, near the middle of which the large cloacal-opening is situated. This open- 

 ing is bilabiate, each lip bordered with one or two rows of elongated, rough papillae, 

 like those of the lateral carinae. The oral opening is very large, in expansion nearly 

 round, the proximal side sometimes bending inward, leaving a sinus on either side of 

 it ; the margin is thickened and revolute, bordered by a row of small tapering papillae. 

 The whole surface of the test is covered by minute, granule-like or conical elevations, 

 which are rather close over the dorsal parts, less numerous beneath. Color dull yel- 

 lowish gray, the stem dark brown. 



Length of the stem of one specimen, 155™"> ; its diameter near the base, 2"*™ ; length 

 of body, 70™™; greatest diameter, 400™™; diameter of mouth, 8™™. Station 2041, in 

 1,608 fathoms, 1883, 



