[11] THE. HERRING FISHERIES OF SWEDEN. 739 



stances. The American metliod of carrying on the fisberies, with large 

 and fast vessels and seines, promises to us profitable fisheries, and to 

 especially develop the herring fisheries in such a manner that, instead 

 of drawing the fishermen away from the great sea fisheries, and thus 

 hurting them, they will, on the contrary, be furthered and increased to 

 a degree of prosperity hitherto unknown with us. 



Professor Smitt has several times reproached me that by my experi- 

 ments I had endeavored to introduce large seine fisheries for herring 

 in the Skagerack, and declared that our population would thereby suffer 

 considerable losses, to which I could boldly reply that I did not liave 

 a single cent at my disposal for making such experiments. 



As the terms " great fisheries," " great sea fisheries," and " fisheries 

 at a distance from the coast" {utomslidrsfislie) refer to very different 

 kinds of fisheries, and should not be confounded with each other, I 

 shall give a- brief explanation of their meaning. As the '- fisheries off the 

 coast" are carried on under such circumstances that the fish cannot be 

 taken home every day, but must be either kept or prepared on board 

 the vessels, or delivered to other vessels out at sea, the}^ are called 

 "great sea fisheries." '-Great fisheries" are those sea fisheries which 

 are carried on on a large scale in the service of private capital, as is 

 the case with the seal and whale fisheries. " Great fisheries" can be car- 

 ried on both at a distance from the coast and near it. As " great fish- 

 eries" at a distance from the coast, we may mention the great Dutch 

 herring fisheries in the ISTorth Sea, the beam trawl net fisheries in the 

 North Sea, the French and English cod fisheries near Iceland, Sec. As 

 "great fisheries ■*' near the coast, we may mention the former herring 

 fisheries of the Dutch and Germans near the west coast of Scandinavia, 

 the former Dutch herring fisheries on the west coast of Scotland, the 

 herring fisheries of the Northmen near Iceland, &c. Coast fishtries 

 can be carried on both near the coast and at some distance from it, 

 as the natural conditions will allow. The most important coast fish- 

 eries in Eurojpe are the Scotch herring fisheries, and the IsTorwegiari 

 cod fisheries near the Loffoden. 



I have endeavored to benefit the herring industry, as regards the 

 i^atching and salting of the fish, and as regards the results of the fisher- 

 ies, by i)ublishing a review of the influence, on the migrations of the 

 herring, of physical conditions. 



As regards the preparation of herring and the herring trade, my ac- 

 tivity has, likewise, from want of funds, been limited to the i^ublication 

 of several pamphlets, by which I have endeavored to create a jjublic 

 opinion in favor of the introduction of suitable improvements in the 

 methods of preparing fish, and of proper laws for aiding and encourag- 

 ing this trade. 



Thus, at the very beginning of the present fishing period, I made trans- 

 lations of Th. D. Lauder's and O. I-T. Loberg's works on the preparation 

 of heiTingj and ppinted out the great importance of haying that portioi; 



