XXXVI.-HOW TO RAISE CARP AND OTHER POND FISH WHICH 

 SPAWN IN SUMMER.* 



By Max von dem Borne. 



In artificial fish-culture we possess a very efficient means of improv- 

 ing our fisheries; but the much older method of fish-culture in ponds 

 has not been rendered superfluous thereby. By artificial fish-culture 

 we understand the artificial impregnation- of fish-eggs by extracting the 

 spawn from fish and mixing the eggs with milt and water, and also the 

 hatching of these impregnated eggs in hatching-boxes. Fish-culture in 

 ponds, which, even in the Middle Ages, had reached a high degree of 

 perfection on estates belonging to monasteries, leaves the propagation 

 to the fish themselves. The different kinds of fish may be classified as 

 they are suited for artificial fish-culture or for being raised in raising- 

 ponds. 



I. Artificial fish-culture. — The following are adapted to artificial fish- 

 culture: The salmonoids (the salmon, the different kinds of trout, the 

 salbling {Salmo salvelinus), grayling, the different varieties of the Gore- 

 gonus), the may-fish, pike, sturgeon, and different kinds of salt-water fish. 



II. Pond culture. — The following are adapted to x)ond culture : {«) On 

 soft bottom : The varieties of Gypririus (cari^, crucian, tench, bleak, ide, 

 goldfish, &c.), river-perch, Silurus, pike, &c. (b) On sandy, gravelly, 

 stony bottom : The perch-pike, the American black perch, &c. 



Herr von Behr, of Schmoldow, president of the German Fishery Asso- 

 ciation, has requested me to describe in a few pages and in as simi^le a 

 manner as possible, how fish-culture in ponds, apart from a well-regu- 

 lated carp culture, can be raised to much greater importance than it 

 possesses at present. I gladly comply with this request by endeavoring 

 to describe how fish which spawn in summer can be raised in ponds. 



We aim at introducing again into our rivers, where the old spawning 

 places have been destroyed by the different river improvements, large 

 masses of the fry of carp, bleak, tench, crucians, perch, perch-pike, &c. 

 We also aim at making small ponds, marl-pits, and peat-bogs sources of 

 income by stocking them with fry. I shall, therefore, attempt to show 

 how young fry for these purposes can easily and cheaply be procured 

 at home, instead of getting it from abroad at a c omparatively h eavy 



* Mchtei Sommerlaichfische. Translated from the German by Herman Jacobson. 

 [1] 1133 



