Notices of Memoirs—Drift Deposits at Kirmington. 37 
II. The following types of knolls may be recognised :— 
(A) Those in the grey or bluish-white limestone. Some of these 
are well-bedded and very fossiliferous; some are obscurely 
bedded; some are not apparently very fossiliferous. 
(B) Those in the dark limestones with numerous shales: these 
knolls are lower and more rounded. 
(C) Scar-knolls; truncated folds weathered into semi-rounded and 
more or less detached masses. These vary from small crags 
through large peninsular masses to long scar-lke ridges. 
‘hese may be in the white or dark limestones. Sometimes 
a scar-knoll has been detached from the main mass of 
a limestone by weathering. 
There are gradations of every degree connecting these types. 
III. Examples of all these types of knolls occur on one well-defined 
horizon. ‘They may all be seen striking parallel with the Pendleside 
shales contaiming Posidonomya Becheri, Posidoniella levis, Aviculo- 
pecten papyraceus, and immediately succeeded by these shales. The 
succession may be seen at Cracoe and Thorpe, Stockdale, Newsholme, 
Broughton and Thornton, Downham, Slaidburn. 
IV. The knolls are most conspicuous on the margins of the district. 
They are seen close to the faults at Threshfield, Malham, Attermire, 
Stockdale, and Bell Busk. Against the grit ridges on the southern 
side they are well developed at Thorpe and Cracoe, Broughton and 
Thornton, and near Downham. 
It is noteworthy that knoll-like masses are seen north of the 
Grassington branch of the Craven faults, at Craven Moor, and near 
Dibble’s Bridge. Here the massive white limestones come up with 
a much greater dip than is usual north of the faults. 
The whole district is much folded. There are well-defined folds 
with N.E.-S.W. axes intersected by less conspicuous folds parallel to 
the main Pennine axis. The interference of these fold-systems seems 
to have directly produced some of the knolls. Folding is seen every- 
where, in both the dark and the white limestones; though the well- 
bedded dark limestones naturally show it best. Minor faults are 
common, and some of the knolls appear to be due in part to faulting. 
V. The more massive knolls of white limestone appear to be due to 
irregular aggregations of submarine débris. Folding has ridged up 
these massive limestones, and weathering has intensified the ditference 
between these and the commoner knolls of the district. The smaller 
knolls are due to folding (as in LV) and subsequent weathering. 
II. — Investigation oF THE FosstnirERous Drirr Deposits At 
_ Kiruineton, LinconnsHire, AND AT VARIOUS LOCALITIES IN THE 
East Ripine or Yorxsuire.t By J. W. Sraruer, F.G.S.* 
The Speeton Shell-bed.tAs mentioned in last year’s report, this 
fossiliferous estuarine sand was first described by Professor Phillips 
« 1 Report of the Committee, consisting of Mr. G. W. Lamplugh. (Chairman), 
Mr. J. W. Stather (Secretary), Tempest Anderson, Professor J. W. Carr, 
Rev. W. Lower Carter, Mr. A. i ‘Dwerryhouse, Mr. F. W. Harmer, Mr. J. H. 
Howarth, Rev. W. Johnson, Professor P. F. Kendall, Mr. H. B. Muff, ‘Mr. E. T. 
Newton, ‘Mr. Clement Reid, and Mr. Thomas Sheppard. 
* Paper read in Section C (Geology) at British Association Meeting, York, 1906. 
