LI’, R. Cowper Reed—Fauna of the Bokkeveld Beds, 227 
(c) Hurope. 
If we compare the fauna of the Bokkeveld Beds with that of 
Southern and Western Europe, as Katzer (15, pp. 36-40) has done for 
the South American Devonian, we may together with him first notice 
that it is on the banks of the Bosphorus (24) that we seem to get 
a peculiar resemblance, as the Lower (?) Devonian fossils described by 
De Verneuil (24) show. In connection with the Bolivian fauna Ulrich 
(9) has similarly drawn attention to this fact, and points to the 
presence of ribbed Centronellids, of members of the group Bellerophon 
trilobatus, of two species of Homalonotus allied to H. acanthurus, of 
a Crypheus recalling C. paitina, and of Tropidoleptus carinatus 
(usually described in Europe as Strophomena laticosta, D’Orb.). Clarke 
has referred to this resemblance in the case of the trilobites of the 
Maecurt (8, pp. 48, 46). Further investigation of these Bosphorus 
Beds might yield interesting and important results in this connection. 
But at present the evidence is scanty and insufficient. 
In Western Europe it is in the fauna of the Coblenz Beds (upper 
Lower Devonian) that one finds the strongest and most numerous points 
of resemblance. As above mentioned, the similarity in the lithological 
characters of the rock and mode of preservation of the fossils are 
additionally suggestive and lend a certain assistance in any comparison. 
But when we come to compare the species separately and minutely we 
do not find such a close agreement or so much affinity as might be 
expected. Amongst the trilobites it is chiefly in the species of 
Homalonotus that we find degrees of relationship, apd these may not 
be so close as has been urged (2). According to Lake H. Herscheli 
has its nearest ally in H. armatus, Burm, from the Lower Coblenz 
Beds ; and ZH. quernus in H. subarmatus, Koch, from the Upper Coblenz 
Beds. The Phacopide belong to quite distinct types, though the 
Bokkeveld Dalmanites may belong (like D. maecurua, Clarke, from 
the Amazon) to the widespread Hausmanni group. Amongst the 
brachiopods we have the group of Sp. antarcticus closely related to 
Sp. primevus and itsallies; Ch. falklandicus is allied to Ch. sarcinulata ; 
Retzia Adrieni, De Vern., occurs typically in the Lower Devonian of 
Europe, and so does Trigeria Gaudryi; and Ambocelia umbonata has 
been recorded from Western France; Orthothetes Sulivani has certain 
affinities with the well-known O. umbraculum from the Middle 
Devonian of Europe. Rhynchospira(?) Silveti is probably allied to 
Centronella Bergeront, Ochl., and perhaps to C. Guerangert (De Vern.), 
both of the Lower Devonian, and Ptychospira variegata finds its nearest 
ally in the Middle Devonian form P¢. ferita, Von Buch, and the 
genus is not known from South America. Lensseleria confluentina is 
a RKhenish Lower Devonian species. If Zropidoleptus carinatus occurs 
in the Bokkeveld Beds it is represented in Europe by the identical 
Strophomena laticosta. 
The Mollusca which show affinities to European forms are the 
following :—- 
Bellerophon aft. trilobatus abe B. trilobatus, var. tumidus, Sandberger. 
Lr. Dev. 
4 | C. subparallela, Sandb. Lr. Dey. 
ne ee ne ie \ C. acuta, Roem. Lr. Dey. 
Grammysia sp. ... 266 se G. ovata, Sandb. Lr. Dey. 
