FE. R. Cowper Reed—Faiuna of the Bokkeveld Beds. 231 
and by the predominance of other genera or groups (e.g. Paleonerlo, 
Nuculites, ribbed Centronellids, Bellerophontids of the tredobatus group), 
as well as by the absence or extreme rarity of many others and of 
certain groups (cephalopods, corals, bryozoans). 
3. The affinities of this fauna are much closer to that of the Devonian 
of North America (eastern parts) than to the West European type. 
4. The paleontological evidence tends to show that the Bokkeveld 
fauna is rather Middle Devonian than Lower Devonian when compared 
with North American faunas. 
5. The European elements of the Bokkeveld fauna, on the other 
hand, have the facies of the Rhenish Lower Devonian (Coblenzian) 
rather than of the Middle Devonian of Western Europe. 
6. These European elements, though generally recognisable in the 
southern fauna, are more strongly represented i in South “Africa than in 
South America. 
7. The Bokkeveld fauna has a certain individuality of its own 
owing to the presence of certain peculiar genera (e.g. Zyphloniscus) 
and species, in spite of its close relations to that of the South American 
cae 
The Bokkeveld Shee contains the following elements, -in their 
ee of relative importance and abundance : (1) species and groups 
identical with or allied to South American Devonian types ;' (2) species 
identical with or allied to Middle Devonian types of North America, 
including many in the first category ; (3) species allied to Coblenzian 
species of Western Europe ; (4) species or types peculiar to South 
Africa or with remote and obscure affinities. 
REFERENCES. 
(1) Rogers: Geology of Cape Colony (London, 1905), pp. 121-137. 
(2) Schwarz: Records of the Albany Museum, South Africa, vol. i, No. 6 (June, 
1906). 
(3) ha S. African Mus., vol. iv, pt. 4, No. 9 (1904), pp. 201-220, 
pls. xxiv—xxviii. 
(4) Reed: Grou. Mac., Dec. V, Vol. II (1905), p. 173. 
(5) Reed: Grou. Maa., Dec. V, Vol. IV (1907), pp. 34-36. 
(6) Hall & Clarke: Paleeont. New York, vol. vii (1888). 
(7) Lake: Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe., vol. lxii (1906), p. 428. 
(8) Clarke, ‘‘ As Trilobitas de Grez de Ereré e Maecuré’’: Archiv Mus. Nac. Rio 
de Janeiro, vol. ix (1890). 
(8a) Clarke, ‘‘ Paleeozoic Faunas of Para’’: Archiv Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 
vol. x (1899). 
(9) Ulrich: Neues Jahrb. f. Miner., Beil. Bd. viii (1893), pp. 5-114: 
(10) Thomas: Zeitschr. deut. geol. Gesell., vol. lvii (1905), pp. 233-290. 
11) Haug in Foureau’s ‘‘ Mission Saharienne’’: Documents Scientif., Paliont. 
(1905), pp. 757-778. 
12) Newton: Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinb., vol. xvi (1906), pp. 248-257, pl. x. 
13) Scupin: Zeitschr. deut. geol. Gesell., vol. 1 (1898), pp. 462-467, pl. xvii. 
14) Sharpe & Salter: Trans. “Geol. Soe. -, Ser. 11, vol. vii (1856), pp. 206-222. 
15) Katzer, ‘‘ Das Amazonas Devon ”’ : Sitzungsber. kén. béhm. Gesell. Wissens., 
Math. Nat. Cl., Jahrg., vol. xlvi, 1897 (1898), pp. 1-50. 
16) Ulrich: Neues Jahrb. f. Miner., vol. i (1891), p. 273. 
17) Katzer: Grundz. Geol. unt. Amazonasgeb. (Leipzig, 1903), pp. 188-216 and 
268-278. 
8) Schuchert, Synops. Amer. Foss. Brach.: Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury.,. 1897, No. 87. 
9) Haug: Comptes Rendus, vol. exli (1905), p. 970. 
20 Kayser : Zeitschr. deut. geol. Gesell., vol. xlix (1897), pp. 274-317. 
1) Reed: Ann. S. African Mus., vol. iv, pt. 3, No. 7 (1903), pp. 165-200, 
pls. xx—xxiil. 
