The Chalk and tts Dislocations. 210 
great stretches of the coast. It is, in fact, a definite proof that these 
chalk cakes, like the serpentinous mass of chalk last mentioned, were 
violently detached after the deposition of the Weybourne Crag. 
I may say that these tabular chalk cakes, like the mixed mass 
above named, have meandering or arched outlines, and that the once 
horizontal beds of flints in them have been bent into the same curves, 
which imply the exercise of similar forces as those in the chalk still 
im sett and were doubtless induced at the same time. 
It would be a great mistake to suppose that these enormous masses 
of detached chalk lying in and surrounded by later beds are a pecular 
feature of the chff sections only. They also occur in several sections 
far inland, as far, in fact, as Leicestershire and Northamptonshire, in 
several places having actually been used as chalk-quarries. What 
is perfectly plain is that the phenomenon they witness to, is that of 
a violent and notable dynamical movement, however caused, and 
which is to be put alongside the other proofs of similar dislocation and 
violent breakage already mentioned in this paper. 
We have no reason to suppose that the movements involved belonged 
to different periods and occurred at different times. On the contrary, 
such evidence as is available, as we shall see, goes to show that it took 
place at one time. We have seen that on the coast this is shown 
to have been after the deposition of the so-called Weybourne Crag, 
whose shells are found in the red pan. The fact of the Norwich 
Crag and the so-called Bure Valley Beds (which are merely the local 
representation of the Weybourne Crag) occurring so far from the coast 
and at such a comparatively high level, and the fact that the chalk 
beds in the former place correspond to those between Weybourne and 
Runton, as Mr. C. Reid says (see Memoir on Cromer, etc.), is strong 
testimony to the fact that the dislocations of various kinds here referred 
to, and so notorious to every student of the district, were contem- 
poraneous and occurred at the same geological epoch, namely, after 
the deposition of the Norwich or Weybourne Crag. 
This view is, to some extent at least, that of the Geological 
Surveyors. Thus, speaking of the bent and distorted chalk at 
Trimingham, Mr. C. Reid says: ‘‘ That this contortion is of Pleisto- 
cene date is proved by the similar disturbances of the overlying beds, 
and by the intrusion of tongues of Boulder Clay into the Chalk. 
Lyell was fully aware of this unconformity and gave illustrations of it; 
he mentioned the mixture of Chalk and Boulder Clay on the fore- 
shore, and considered that the contortion must clearly have been 
formed subsequently to the deposition of the Drift” (Geology of 
Cromer, etc., p. 945). 
What Mr. Reid here says of the local disturbances at Trimingham 
I would apply to the Chalk dislocations of all North Norfolk and its 
borders, which I claim to have all been contemporaneous and 
posterior to the deposition of the Newer or Norwich Crag. To sum 
up the case as far as we have gone, the evidence of violent change and 
movement and dislocation in the Chalk of Norfolk after the deposition 
of the latest Crag beds is very widespread and very cumulative. It 
would appear further incontrovertible from the available facts that 
when these newer Crags were being deposited the contour of Norfolk 
