Reviews—Geological Survey of Scotland. 283 
the strand-lines formed during recovery from it. The dwelling-places 
and other finds of stone axes are then described and classified, and the 
various types shown to correspond to the different shore-lines. An 
idea of the nature of the results obtained may be gathered from the 
following brief summary, giving the height in metres of the strand- 
lines at Kristiania which correspond to the several archeological 
stages :— 
End of Older Stone Age (rough-hewn axes of ‘ Nostvet’ type), sea 
at 70 m. . 
End of Middle Stone Age (stump-necked round axe), sea at 55m. 
End of older part of Younger Stone Age (thin-necked axe), sea at 
25m. 
End of Youngest Stone Age (thin-necked axe and shaft-hole axe), 
sea at 15 m. 
End of Bronze Age, sea at present level. 
The end of the Older Stone Age, or Noéstvet-time, corresponds 
with the maximum of the Littorina-'apes depression. By comparison 
with the amount of elevation which took place during the Bronze Age 
and Younger Stone Age, the absolute durations of which have been 
estimated by archeologists in centuries, it has been found possible to 
make an estimate (admittedly uncertain) of the time of the Littorina- 
Tapes Maximum, the date arrived at being about 5000 B.c. 
One cannot give this delightful book higher praise than to say that 
it is just such a work as we have learned to expect from the hand of 
Professor Brégger. It will be found essential to all, whether geologists 
or archeologists, who are interested in the history of post-Glacial time. 
WaBe We 
IJ.—New Mars or tHe Grotocicat SurvEY oF SCOTLAND. 
f|\HE Survey has recently issued two sheets of the Geological Index 
Map of Scotland, scale 4 miles to 1 inch (=-zsyts0), VIZ: 
Sheet 16 (size 21 by 133 inches measured over the topographical work), 
colour-printed, 1907, price 2s. 6d., and Sheet 17 (size 17 by 133 inches), 
colour-printed, 1907, price 2s. 6d. 
Sheet 16 includes Wigtonshire, Kirkcudbrightshire, part of Ayrshire, 
the south of Arran, and the south of Kintyre. In ascending order the 
rocks shown are Metamorphic Rocks (in Kintyre), comprising Green 
Beds, Limestone and Unditterentiated Schists ; Lower Silurian (Arenig, 
Llandeilo-Caradoc) ; Upper Silurian (Llandovery-Tarannon, Wenlock- 
Ludlow); Old Red Sandstone (Lower, Upper) ; Carboniferous (Calciferous 
Sandstone, Carboniferous Limestone Series, Moor Rock (Millstone 
Grit), Coal-measures); Trias (Sandstones, Marls); Recent (Marine 
and Fresh-water Alluvium, Peat, Blown Sand). The igneous rocks 
are Volcanic Rocks, Intrusive Massive, including Granite! (Felsite, 
Porphyrite, Andesite), (Diorite and Hyperite), Basalt and Dolerite 
in dykes and in sheets, Gabbro,! Serpentine and Peridotite,! 
Fragmental, Agglomerate in necks, Extrusive <Andesitic Lavas, 
Basaltic Lavas, Tutts. 
1 Usually considered to be plutonic. 
