the Uitenhage Series—Cape Colony. 291 
evidence to show that even a part of the series is of earlier age than 
Neocomian. Those very forms which, if taken alone, might with some 
justification have been thought to indicate a Jurassic age, occur 
relatively high up in the series in association with shells of undoubted 
Neocomian type. On the other hand, some of the more characteristic 
marine forms have been shown by Mr. Rogers to occur near the base 
of the great Sunday’s River sections as well as at higher horizons, and 
to have a much more extensive vertical range in the series than was 
formerly suspected. The closely similar nature of the marine fauna 
found at various horizons, tegether with other evidence, points to 
conditions of relatively rapid deposition. This unity of character, as 
shown by a study of the whole fauna, and also the fact that the 
Surveyors failed to find evidence for zonal differentiation which might 
be utilised in establishing any scheme of paleontological subdivisions 
in the series, seems to indicate without doubt that a very restricted 
time-period is represented by the whole of the marine beds. In 
considering the relations of the fresh-water beds to the strata of 
marine origin, Messrs. Rogers and Schwarz have sufficiently emphasised 
the part played by rapid contemporaneous variation of facies, and have 
shown how this factor precludes even a broad, generally-applicable 
classification, based upon a consistent succession of fresh-water and 
marine beds. 
Representatives of the Lamellibranchiata largely preponderate among 
the Uitenhage Mollusca, and many of them provide data which usefully 
supplement the more desirable evidence afforded by the cephalopod- 
types, in the question of a correlation with European standards. 
When, however, we seek to trace relationships between the Uitenhage 
molluses and those of Lower Cretaceous deposits situated in extra- 
European regions, it becomes necessary to rely almost entirely upon 
the evidence of the lamellibranchs, leaving out of account the fact, 
recognised by Pavlow and Uhlig, that some of the Holcostephani of. 
the Uitenhage Series show near affinity to H. schenki (Oppel), from 
the Spiti Shales. Certain lamellibranchs, some of which are well- 
characterised forms, point to the relationship which existed between 
this development of the Neocomian in Cape Colony and the Oomia 
Trigonia-beds in Cutch, the strata yielding Z. ventricosa (Krauss) in 
the Godavari district and in Hazara, the Neocomian deposits in German 
East Africa, and the Lower Cretaceous strata of presumably like age 
in Chili, Bolivia, and the Argentine Republic. In making these 
comparisons, important significance must be attached to the evidence 
of some of the Zirigonie, notably of the divisions Pseudo-quadrate and 
Scabree. 
F, Stoliczka, W. Waagen, O. Feistmantel, W. T. Blanford, and 
R. D. Oldham, all drew attention to the apparently close relationships 
existing between some of the bivalves in the Oomia Beds of Cutch and 
certain species in the Uitenhage Series, and the recent study of these 
faunas has shown that the evidence for such relationship is, in truth, 
of a very striking character. It is well known that a species of 
Trigonia which occurs very abundantly in the Oomia Beds was referred 
by the Indian geologists to 7. ventricosa, first described by F. Krauss 
from the Zwartkop’s River, Cape Colony. Although many of the 
