W. G. Fearnsides—Lower Ordovician Rocks of Scandinavia. 295 
evidence in support of the broad principle laid down by Neumayr, but 
we must hesitate before attaching any such significance to the facts. 
Our knowledge is as yet very incomplete, and, moreover, a body of 
evidence relating to the distribution of fossil Cephalopoda has now 
been accumulated which casts the strongest possible doubts upon the 
soundness of Neumayr’s theory.!' Facts set forth in the writings of 
S. Nikitin, F. Kossmat, C. Burckhardt, G. Boehm, and other authors 
show clearly the necessity of exercising the greatest caution in 
estimating the significance of the Uitenhage cephalopods in any 
general question of distribution. The apparent absence of identical 
or closely related forms from the Neocomian rocks of German East 
Africa and of Cutch is very probably owing to our imperfect knowledge 
of the fossil faunas in these districts ; but if this be not the case, the 
real absence of these cephalopods may possibly have been determined 
by conditions of a local nature, in manner not unknown among the 
cephalopod-faunas of various geological horizons within restricted areas 
in Europe. The same remarks apply to the Neocomian faunas of South 
America, which have not yet been shown to include any of the South 
African Holcostephani or related forms; but it need scarcely be 
mentioned that the absence of these Cephalopoda in South America, 
eyen though real and not merely apparent, could not be utilized as 
negative evidence in support of Neumayr’s theory. It may be 
‘ remarked, finally, that the indications for relationship between the 
bivalve faunas of the Uitenhage Series and the Lower Cretaceous 
deposits in South America rather tend to strengthen the view, 
supported by other evidence, that an ancient land surface at that 
time connected the African and South American continents. 
IJ.—Tse Lower Orpovictan Rocks or ScANDINAVIA, WITH A 
Comparison oF BRITISH AND ScANDINAVIAN T'REMADOC AND ARENIG 
Rocks. 
By Witiram G. Frarnsipes, M.A., F.G.S., 
Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. 
(WITH A MAP, PLATE X.) 
(Concluded from the June Number, p. 267.) 
ONSIDERING now the details of the various districts, we notice 
that in South Oland the basal beds are shaly and conglomeratic ; 
the higher part is calcareous, and by increase in the proportion of matrix 
passes into a creamy-white limestone which is wonderfully fossiliferous 
(Ol and C). The highest beds are again glauconitic, soft, and shaly. 
Northward the proportion of calcareous material diminishes, and 
a band of shale with Shumardia, whose lithology and fossil content 
agree with that of the Ottenby Ceratopyge shales below the 
unconformity, is interstratified with the limestone. This bed is 
quite inconstant, but in Central Oland another shale band containing 
Huloma occurs low down in the limestone. Beyond Borgholm (05 and 
O 6) all limestone disappears, and only glauconitic shale separates the 
1M. Neumayr, ‘‘ Ueber klimatische Zonen waihrend der Jura- und Kreidezeit”’ : 
Denkschr. d. k. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat. Classe, Band xlyii (1883), p. 277. 
