Reviews—The Geology of India. 319 
one animal, that doubt is dispersed, because it is a self-evident fact 
that at some time or other more than one bone of the same kind would 
have been found together; but as this is not so, and as their colour 
and size agree, the bones, though scattered over a distance of some 
yards, must necessarily belong to one and the same animal. 
In conclusion, I wish to say that a large number of the state- 
ments I have made are based on the experience which my father, 
Mr. A. N. Leeds, has gained during a period of over 40 years in 
which he has collected from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough, and 
I am deeply indebted to him for the great assistance I have derived 
from his experience, and for valuable suggestions which he has 
offered. 
ay del Wf gE as WA Se 
I.—Tue Gronocy or Inpra. 
Tue IweertaL Gazerreer or InpraA. New Edition. 
Oxford, 1907. 
HE first edition of the ‘Imperial Gazetteer of India” was 
published in nine volumes in 1881, and a sccond edition, 
augmented to fourteen volumes, was issued in 1885-7. The bulk 
will now be raised from fourteen to twenty-six volumes, including 
a companion Atlas, and the single volume of the ‘‘ Indian Empire” has 
been expanded into four volumes, entitled respectively: I. Descriptive ; 
II. Historical; III, Economic; and IV. Administrative. We propose 
to notice the chapter on Geology by Mr. T. H. Holland, Director of 
the Geological Survey of India, in vol. i, p. 50, and the chapter on 
Mines and Minerals, in vol. iu, p. 128. 
1. “‘Inpran Empire,” Vol. I, pp. 50-103.—Gzotoey, 
Those persons who have paid any attention to this subject are 
aware that, physically, India consists of three distinct regions, viz., 
Peninsular India, the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and extra- Peninsular 
India. A geological map shows this at once, but these features are 
not equally obvious on an ordinary map. Practically the Indo- 
Gangetic Plain, with its great alluvial accumulations, separates two 
regions, which, though markedly distinct in origin and composition, 
yet afford in each case an interesting geological record, which it is 
possible to correlate within certain limits. Hence, if we eliminate the 
deposits of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, the geology of India is a duplicate 
system, the peninsular beds being without marine fossils, excepting 
strips along the coast, much resembling Africa south of the Equator 
in this respect, whilst the extra- peninsular areas in one place or 
another are able to show an almost complete paleontological column 
of marine fossils, dating from the earliest Cambrian. It should also 
be borne in mind that the Peninsula has been a stable area almost 
from the beginning of geological time, whilst the extra-peninsular 
region has been one of frequent oscillation culminating in the 
Himalayan uplift. 
