362 Reviews—Scenery and Geology of Devonshire. 
The author has given us a good outline of Devonshire geology, 
with sufficient infor tation concerning the life-history of the successive 
periods to indicate the character of the physical conditions. He has, 
moreover, dealt with the successive epochs of erosion, deposition, and 
overlap, of depression and upheaval, which have resulted in the present 
form of the ground. If the plates giving restorations of ancient 
geography are ‘ideal,’ those picturing modern scenery and rock- 
structures are in nearly all cases excellent ; and we can commend the 
book as one calculated to stir up interest and stimulate enquiry. 
Mr. Ussher’s account of the Geology of Devonshire is a lucid 
exposition of the general structure and paleontology of the county, to: 
our knowledge of “which he himself has so largely contributed. His. 
work is accompanied by two admirable colour-printed maps, on which 
he has depicted the subdivisions he has personally made in the 
Carboniferous (three) and in the Devonian (eight). In dealing with 
the scenery he remarks: ‘‘There is no proof of the nature of the 
denudation of the paleozoic surface subsequent to the deposition of 
the Lower New Red beds, until the Cretaceous period. . . . . In 
this [transgression | and the subsequent deposition of the Eocene 
clays and gravels the older rock area was no doubt invaded, and the 
irregularities of its earlier contour planed and modified.” The Bovey 
Basin, in his opinion, does ‘‘ not appear to be due to local subsidences. 
on fault lines, although the high dips of the sands on the south of the 
Bovey valley suggest such an explanation.” He mentions that relics. 
of deposits similar to Bovey Beds were noted by Mr. R. N. Worth on 
Plymouth Hoe, about 100 feet above O.D.; but he remarks that 
“The planed surfaces of the Devonian limestone hills of the Torquay, 
Brixham, and Plymouth area probably date from Permian times, as. 
outhers of Lower New Red on the surface and in fissures are found 
near Waddeton and Brixham, etc.” 
Mr. Jukes-Browne’s little book is one that deals with a limited 
tract of Devonshire, on which he has lived and laboured for some 
years. The object is to explain ‘“‘ the origin and gradual development. 
of the physical features which contribute so largely to the popularity 
and attractiveness of orquay.”’ He has reproduced a portion of the 
Ordnance Survey map of 1809, with its graphic hill-shading, and he 
gives an interesting account of the original physical features of the 
neighbourhood of Torquay before it was much artificially modified. 
This description is further illustrated by the reproduction of a view 
from Castle Hill, sketched in 1824. 
The author briefly points out the aims-of geological investigation, 
and the agents to which the main forms of scenery are due, remarking 
‘‘that a very little knowledge of geology will go a long way in 
explaining the origin of hills and valleys all over the world, as well as. 
around Torquay in particular.” This in view of what has been said 
before must be taken cum grano. 
He gives an account of the many rock-types in the Devonian 
series; describes the Permian clay, conglomerate, and breccia in the 
district, and points out the disturbances and erosion that took place in 
the long interval between Permian and Eocene. ‘To explain the 
development of scenery he has naturally to go beyond his immediate 
