426 Reviews—Stanford’s Geography—Australian Geology. 
to the pre-Carboniferous beds, he observes that Upper Ordovician, 
known by its graptolite fauna, is widely distributed throughout New 
South Wales, the limestones being full of corals, the shales yielding 
many trilobites and the sandstones many brachiopods. 
The beds of Carboniferous age are interesting from their economical. 
importance, for at present this colony retains its lead over Queensland 
in coal production. There is a section (by J. E. Carne) on page 282, 
across part of the Blue Mountains, where, on upturned slates and 
quartzites, said to be Devonian, beds of Permo-Carboniferous age: 
(Upper Marine and Upper Coal-measures) are succeeded by beds of 
Triassic age. This section is also remarkable as showing the weird 
sculpture of the district in question. A boring in Sydney harbour 
shows coal-bearing beds at a depth of 3,000 feet; hence the 
available coal-area is not to be judged merely by the extent of 
the Carboniferous outcrop. On p. 315 the full development of the 
Permo-Carboniferous rocks (classified by Professor David) is given. 
as follows :— 
Thickness. 
1, Upper or Newcastle Coal-measures, containing an aggregate Feet. 
of about 100 feet of coal... 1,150 
2, Dempsey Series: fresh-water beds, containing no productive 
coal; thins out in some directions ... ae wn se 23000 
3. Middle (East Maitland) Coal-measures, with about 40 feet of ; 
Gall a5 he a. une sis Me Bee ee 570 
4, Upper Marine Series ; characterized by Productus brachytherus 5,000 
5. Lower or Greta Coal-measures, with about 20 feet of coal ... 130 
6. Lower Marine Series, with Hurydesma cordata Pe son 
13,650 
The Mesozoic deposits of New South Wales include representatives. 
of the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous systems. The fossil plants. 
of the Hawkesbury Series (Triassic) are different to the Glossopteris 
fauna of the Permo-Carboniferous. There is no good development. 
of Jurassics. The Cretaceous beds are divided into two series— 
the Rolling Downs formation, which underlies the Darling Plains. 
and is regarded as Lower Cretaceous; the ‘ Desert ‘Sandstone’ con- 
tains the bones of Cimoliosaurus, sometimes converted into precious: 
opal, and is regarded as Upper Cretaceous. Tertiary volcanic rocks. 
have a wide distribution. 
Queensland.—The metamorphic rocks and the schists occur in three 
main areas, and associated with these foliated rocks are a series of 
ancient plutonic masses and of other igneous rocks. All these are 
either Archeean or Lower Paleozoic. The Carboniferous system here: 
is divided into five series, of which three are developed in the Bowen 
River Coalfield, ranging from 203° to 26° 8S. lat. The Upper 
Bowen Beds are full of Glossopter’s and contain many coal-seams. 
The coal-producing series of rocks is continued into the Mesozoic 
period (Trias-Jura), where Tenopteris takes the place of Gilossoptercs. 
Of the Cretaceous system, the lower series consists of marine clays, 
which constitute the Rolling Downs formation, forming the surface, 
or underlying nearly three-fourths of Queensland. It is of economic 
importance as causing the impermeable cap which keeps down the 
