906 George Hickling—Folds and Overfolds. . 
here in the cliffs where a landslip has recently occurred. The coarse 
angular head of slate fragments, 4-5 feet thick, lies at the base; it 
passes up gradually by diminution in the size of the rubble into the 
fine crumbling incoherent deposit of flakes of shale, which is 12~15 feet 
thick; above this comes 6 feet of Boulder-clay, containing many large 
boulders; and resting on this are 33-6 feet of false-bedded gravel, 
pebbly sand, and lenses of pure sand. This deposit above the Boulder- 
clay was evidently laid down by water; the pebbles are small and 
well rolled, and large pebbles are very rare. Subsoil and soil, to 
a thickness of 1-13 feet, lie on the top of all. 
The basement bed of coarse'head contains more and more frequent 
fragments of the Old Red Sandstone rocks as we approach Passage ; 
the slates become an insignificant element and ultimately dis- 
appear, the head then consisting of small angular and subangular 
fragments of the local Old Red beds, mostly 1-4 inches in size, with 
very little clayey matrix and with occasional huge ragged blocks of 
the Old Red breccia. These masses become more common and the 
head still much coarser till the finer material practically disappears, 
and great irregular jagged blocks of the breccia, some 5 feet in length, 
are jumbled together into a deposit of 8-9 feet thick, on which the 
Boulder-clay reposes. The foreshore is strewn with big boulders and 
angular masses derived from the cliffs. The platform of greenish and 
purple slates, etc., on which the drift rests is visible here and there on 
the beach, but not above the present high-water mark. 
The actual pre-glacial cliff is not exposed, and the section ends 
abruptly with the termination of the drift cliff and with the beginning 
of the sea wall and embankment along the south side of the low flat 
area on which Passage village is chiefly built at the bend of the river. 
The hill which rises 250 feet above the village is mainly com- 
posed of the coarse Old Red breccia, which enters so largely into the 
composition of the Lower Head at the northern end of the section, 
and the older slates, etc., on which the Old Red rests with such 
a striking unconformity form the lowest slopes and base of the hill, 
and have furnished the material for the other type of head. 
V.—Tue InctinatTion oF OverFoLDs IN RELATION TO THE LanrcER 
FoLps IN WHICH THEY ARE CONTAINED. 
By Grorcre Hickuine, B.Sc., 
Assistant Lecturer in Geology in the Victoria University of Manchester. 
We a a few days recently examining the sections on 
the North Devon coast, with a view to obtaining a clearer 
conception of the tectonic structure of that region, I was deeply 
impressed by the great number of minor overfolds and with the great 
uncertainty in the relations of the various beds thereby brought about. 
In many cases where the dip appears to be constantly to the south, 
through a considerable thickness of strata, closer examination shows 
repeated isoclinal folds. The western face of Little Hangman Hill at 
Combe Martin exhibits such a condition very well. Throughout the 
