568 Reviews — Geology of Hungerford and Newbury. 
Lake Van, and includes the observations made by the following:— 
Abich, Ainsworth, Batsevich, Fournier, Frech, Hamilton, Koch, Loftus, 
Moller, Pohlig, Radde, Simonovich, Tchihatcheff, Tsulukidse, Wagner, 
and the 140 other persons mentioned by the author in his bibliography. 
The peaks and passes are indicated in the ranges, recent and extinct 
volcanoes, craters, mineral springs, whether hot or cold, and the 
minerals. The map is crowded with names, and ranges from the 
Caucasus on the north to the southern borders of Lake Urmi on the 
south, from the Euphrates on the west to the Caspian on the east. 
The coloration is well-done in transparent waterproof tints, and the 
production, in every way as remarkable as was the author's volume, 
will be of great value to geographers as well as to geologists. 
: Dz. S$. 
V.—Geotoaican Survey or Encnianp anp WALES. 
Tuer Gronogy or THE Counrry arounD Houncrrrorp anp NEWBURY. 
By H. J. Ossorne Wurrz, F.G.S. pp. 150. 1907. Price 2s. 6d. 
f]J\HIS memoir is an explanation of Sheet 267 of the New Series of 
the Geological Maps on the scale of one inch to the mile. The 
district with which it deals is situated mainly in South-Western 
Berkshire, but includes a part of Wiltshire and a very little bit of 
Hampshire. The only important towns are Hungerford and Newbury. 
The solid geology is very simple—Chalk for the most part and 
clays and sands of the Kocene to a small extent—but the district is 
agricultural, and to the farmer the Drift is often of as much 
importance as the solid geology. This is so in the present case, for 
Drift of one sort or another covers a large portion of the surface, as 
an inspection of the map will show. The account of the Drift, too, 
occupies a considerable part of the memoir. 
The solid geology is illustrated by an excellent horizontal section 
engraved upon the map. It illustrates the relative position of the 
various beds down to and including the Gault. That formation does 
not, however, come to the surface here, nor does there seem to be any 
record of a well or of a boring which has passed through it in this 
district. The Upper Greensand is consequently the oldest formation 
dealt with, but does not present features of any special interest. The 
Chalk is the important formation of the district, since it is found 
either at the surface or underlying Drift or Eocene beds over almost 
the whole area. Mr. Osborne White estimates that in this part of the 
country the thickness of the Chalk when most fully developed is about 
700 feet. This, he adds, is a thickness not unusual in the Southern 
Midlands, but much less than that attained near the south and east 
coasts, where measurements of 1,000 and 1,300 feet have been 
recorded. 
On the map the Chalk is divided into Upper Chalk, described by 
Mr. White as typically soft and white and containing many flints, with 
an estimated thickness of 400 feet; Middle Chalk, white to greyish- 
white, harder and less flinty, with a thickness of 120 feet at one place 
where it could be measured; Lower Chalk, greyish and marly, 
without flints, 120 to 150 feet or more. It is interesting to compare 
