68 SIDNEY POWERS 
a bald hill in W.3, Sec. 7, same township (by C. S. Ross); (3) N.W. cor., 
Sec. 6, same township, a v-shaped groove (by C. S. Ross); (4) Sec. 14, T. 24 
N., R. 8 E. (by K. C. Heald); (5) N.W. 2, S.W. 4, Sec. ro, T. 25 N., R. 9 
E. (by K. C. Heald, D. D. Conduit, and the writer); (6) Sec. 11, T. 21 N., 
R. 11 E. (by C. S. Ross, P. V. Roundy, and the writer); (7) in the stone wall 
surrounding the house of Tom Gilchrist and in the foundation of the house 
of A. P. Kennedy a mile northwest of the Tulsa Country Club, and in a stone 
house on Duluth Street south of the Country Club (by C. S. Ross and the 
writer). 
The Osage grooves occur on hard, massive sandstones 4 foot 
to 2 feet in thickness and are seen over broad surfaces or on slabs 
1 foot to 5 feet in length. The only pronounced markings, like 
those illustrated, occur on under surfaces of blocks probably 
underlain by sandy shale. The grooved block at locality (6) 
above appears to be in place with rather poor ridges on the upper 
surface. Near Pawhuska (locality [5]) the markings are faint 
lines and fainter ridges not over } inch in height seen in places 
on the upper surface of a bed exposed on the top of an unused 
quarry. They are subparallel and may be found for a distance 
of 70 feet measured across the ridges, but nowhere for a distance 
of more than 6 feet along the ridges. 
The markings are rounded and smooth. ‘They sometimes have 
vertical or even undercut sides and characteristically are covered 
with minute parallel lines on the sides of the larger ridges. Clearly 
defined V-shaped grooves are infrequent (Fig. 6). The width 
varies from that of a pencil line to 2 inches; it is uniform until 
the marking disappears. Neither depth nor height is, as a rule, 
more than 3 inch, but either may vary quite abruptly or be undu- 
lating in any single marking. Single straight markings with a 
relief of 2 to 3 inches are found alone and also associated with the 
other strand markings. Their origin apparently is similar to that 
of the parallel ones. Professor Hall (op. cit.) described one cast 
6 inches in diameter. The relief of the surface shown in Figure 1, 
53 feet in length across the markings, is not more than 1 inch. No 
uniformity of spacing between the larger grooves in the cast has been 
observed. In some cases there are no coarse markings. Small 
ridges and large grooves in the cast seem to be the rule in one 
locality, but with the irregular and complicated markings, such as 
