IIo CHARLES DAVISON 
area represented by the outer dotted line in Figure 4. Six of 
these earthquakes were of ruinous strength, with their epicenters 
at Fondo Macchi, Zerbate, S. Leonardello, and Aci Platania, all 
included within the area represented by the smaller dotted ellipse 
in Figure 4. The two ellipses have their longer axes coinciding 
with those of the isoseismal lines of the Fondo Macchia earth- 
quake of 1911. Close to these axes and nearly parallel to them, 
runs a fault known as the Timpa della Scala and represented by 
the broken line on the map. The western limb at the south end 
has undergone, and is still undergoing, elevation; while the eastern 
limb at the north end is subsiding.* 
Distribution of Etnean earthquakes.—A few of the Etnean earth- 
quakes disturb the whole area of the volcano; but the majority 
are strongly felt in one or a few of the villages scattered over the 
mountain sides. In such cases the villages affected cannot be far 
distant from the epicentral areas, and Dr. M. Baratta, in his great 
history of Italian earthquakes,? has thus found it possible to dis- 
tinguish the principal seismic zones of this volcanic region. These 
are twelve in number, the places which give their names to the 
different zones being shown in Figure 5, in which the dotted line 
marks out the base of the volcano: (1) Linguaglossa, to the 
NE.; (2) Randazzo, to the N.; (3) Aderné-Bronte-Maletto, to 
the W.; (4) Santa Maria di Licodia, to the S.W.; (5) Paterno, 
to the S.SW.; (6) Belpasso, to the S.; (7) Nicolosi, to the S.; 
(8) Trecastagni, to the S.SE.; (9) Acireale, to the SE.; (10) 
Zafferana-Pisano-S. Venerina, to the E.SE.; (11) Macchia Region, 
to the E.; and (12) Giarre-Riposto, to the E. 
Of these zones, the most important at present are those of 
Santa Maria di Licodia, Nicolosi, Trecastagni, Acireale, Zafferana- 
Pisano-S. Venerina, and the Macchia Region. The Fleri earth- 
quake of 1894, described above, is included in the Acireale zone, 
the Linera earthquake of 1914 in the Zafferana zone, and the 
Fondo Macchia earthquakes of 1865 and 1911 in the Macchia 
zone. The Nicolosi zone gives rise to many and violent earth- 
quakes, and it is remarkable that some of the greatest are quite 
tA, Riccd, Boll. Soc. Sis. Ital., Vol. XIX (1912), pp. 9-38. 
2 IT Terremoti d’Italia, pp. 829-33. 
