360 CHESTER K. WENTWORTH 
these points is not so perfectly graded. But the weakness of the 
disturbed rocks close to the fault has apparently enabled Fryingpan 
Creek, though a comparatively small stream, to grade its lower 
course to the temporary base as determined by the rocks over 
which Russell Fork flows. 
The main line of the fault passes somewhat to the north of 
Abners Gap; from elevation 1,424 feet southeast to the mouth 
of Carroll Presley Branch it follows Russell Fork for most of the 
distance, and thence southeast to the point where it is truncated 
by the main overthrust fault; in the north face of Big A Mountain 
its trace lies somewhat to the north of the channel of Russell Fork. 
A branch leaves the main fault at elevation 1,424 feet, and 
extends northwestward along the course of Russell Fork to a point 
in Little Pawpaw Valley about a mile north of Cannady Post Office, 
and is here named the Little Pawpaw fault. 
Along most of its course the rocks northeast of the fault are 
horizontal or nearly so and undisturbed. The fault plane, or, 
better perhaps, the planes of movement, for the most part dip at 
high angles, 75° to go° to the southwest. That there has been 
intense compression is shown by the mashed condition of the 
shale and jointed condition of sandstone on the southwest side of 
the fault. At numerous exposures in the zone of faulting, slicken- 
sides indicate considerable vertical movement which has resulted 
in lifting the beds on the southwest above those on the northeast, 
displacing the coal beds by from 50 to 200 feet. Because of the 
shearing which has brought anticlines into contact with synclines 
and vice versa, it is difficult to determine the true amount of 
differential vertical movement, but the essential point is that the 
vertical movement is slight and that the hanging wall has moved 
up as a result of thrust. At many points there are planes other 
than those which bear the vertical slickensides, a series of hori- 
zontal slickensides trending closely in the direction of the fault, 
and usually these surfaces are rubbed and planed much smoother 
and more nearly plane than the others, indicating, it seems to 
the writer, that these surfaces are the result of more extensive 
movement along the fault line than the other planes along which 
