STUDIES OF THE CYCLE OF GLACIATION 381 
lower extremities, and the last of the hollowed features of the 
inherited surface to disappear are the increasingly truncated 
remnants of the cirques, which in their later stages take the form 
of an armchair-like depression. Such features are well displayed 
in Norway where the continental glacier has similarly ironed out the 
inherited grooved or fretted upland (Fig. 12). 
Such a surface as succeeds to a fretted upland under the sculptur- 
ing action of either an ice cap or a continental glacier will resemble 
in form a grooved glacial upland of extreme youth such as is 
illustrated by the Bighorn or Uinta ranges of the Rocky Mountain 
region, but it has less pronounced relief and, unlike such a pre- 
glacial remnant (‘‘biscuit-cut”’ surface), the upwardly convex surfaces 
are here planed and polished by abrasion. 
In the receding hemicycle of glaciation which succeeds to 
the culmination of glacial alimentation, the flat dome of the ice 
which constitutes the ice cap will have its surface progressively 
lowered until the stage is reached at which the rims of-the buried 
cirque remnants begin to emerge from beneath their mantle of ice. 
In West Antarctica, near the winter quarters of the Swedish 
Antarctic Expedition of 19g01~3, ice caps now blanket both James 
Ross and Snow Hill islands, and, like all Antarctic glaciers, they 
are in a receding hemicycle of glaciation. On the first-named island 
the rims of the cirques have emerged from beneath their cover 
along the eastern and southern margins of the island (Fig. 13). 
The Gourdon and Rabot glaciers are already apparently in large 
part detached from the dome of the ice cap, which here rises to 
its highest point in the Haddington berg. In the largest of the 
cirques lies the Hobbs Glacier, which is still in part fed by two ice 
cascades situated near the middle of the rim. 
Except that the continental glacier, and not an ice cap, has been 
the modeling agent, Mount Washington in the White Mountains? 
* Otto Nordenskjéld, ‘“‘Die schwedische Siidpolar-Expedition und ihre geogra- 
phische Tatigkeit,”’ Schwedische Siidpolar-Expedition, to01-3, Vol. I, Lieferung 1 
(1911), pp. 154-55, Map 3 and Pl. 13, Fig. 1. ‘ 
2 J. W. Goldthwait, ‘‘ Following the Trail of the Ice Sheet and Valley Glacier on 
the Presidential Range,” Appalachia, Vol. XIII (1912), pp. 1-23 (reprint), Pls. 1-9; 
“Glacial Cirques Near Mt. Washington,” Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. XXXV (1913), pp. 
I-19; “Remnants of the Old Graded Upland on the Presidential Range of the White 
Mountains,” 7bid., Vol. XXXVII (1014), pp. 451-53; ‘‘Glaciation in the White 
Mountains of New Hampshire,” Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. XXVII (10916), pp. 263-94, 
Bier. 
