484 REVIEWS 
with violence from April to October, gives fair weather and leads the 
European residents to occupy the eastern coast of the island. From 
November to April the wind is light and variable with not infrequent 
calms; rains are then heavy and the high humidity makes the weather 
next to unbearable. 
The Horne Islands are about 250 km. nearer Fiji; but as they are in 
east longitude from Paris, while Wallis is in west longitude, their dates 
differ by a day. Here are two volcanic islands; Fotuna, 40 km. in 
circuit and 850 m. in height, and Alofi, 20 km. in circuit and 200 m. 
in height. Both are singularly unlike Wallis in having strong slopes, 
rich forests that shade deep ravines drained by fine streams, only dis- 
continuous fringing reefs instead of an encircling barrier reef, and 
therefore no good harbors. Viala describes these islands as “‘two 
pyramids, of which the flanks plunge into the sea in abrupt cliffs” 
(falaises); but the last term can hardly be correct, for the views of the 
islands on Hydrographic Office chart 1986 show the slopes to descend 
with almost even declivity from summit to shore. It may be added that 
neither the chart nor Viala’s description suffices to determine whether the 
deep ravines lead down to embayments in the shore line or not; also, 
that in view of the presence of a number of submarine banks or “ drowned 
atolls” in the north—a region without rival in this respect in the whole 
Pacific and for which the reviewer has therefore proposed the name 
“Darwin Hermatopelago” (Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. XXIX [1918], 
p- 531)—it is likely that the absence of a barrier reef here is to be 
explained by recent submergence at a rate too fast for reef upgrowth: 
hence whatever barrier had been formed around the two islands previous 
to this submergence should exist now as a submarine bench. The lack 
of soundings makes it impossible to test this supposition. 
Viala gives interesting accounts of the natives, of whom there are 
4,500 on Wallis and 1,500 on Fotuna and Alofi, with descriptions of their 
various customs, of the Catholic missions by which their mode of living 
has been much improved, and of the prevalent diseases. A noteworthy 
peculiarity of the natives is their boldness in risking inter-island voyages 
in their canoes, with only the rudest means of laying their course. 
W. M. D. 
The Reed-Wekusko Map-Area, Northern Manitoba. By F. J. 
Atcock. Ottawa: Canadian Geological Survey, Memoir 119, 
1020. Bpia7 piss 6; mapses: 
The discovery of gold-bearing quartz veins and rich sulphide denote 
in basic pre-Cambrian rocks of northern Manitoba has attracted con- 
