562 H. A. BROUWER 
2. The coincidence of asymmetrical reef caps with marked 
outward bends of the row of islands, instances of which are found 
in the island Rotti to the southwest of Timor and in the island 
Jamdena of the Tenimber group. 
3. The faults and fractures near the surface demonstrate differ- 
ences in rate of horizontal movement between adjacent parts of 
the moving geanticlines. 
In the following pages the above-described faults and fractures 
will be dealt with in connection with the vertical and horizontal 
movements of the geanticlines near the surface of which they occur. 
Because the geanticlines have risen from the sea and were in conse- 
quence exposed to eroding influences during a much shorter time 
than those of the continental mountain ranges, the outer form is not 
in the main controlled by erosion, but by the crustal movements 
themselves, and the latest phase of mountain-building manifests 
itself clearly in the shape of the geanticlines near the surface. 
CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS AND MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE 
When crustal movements take place they generally cause the 
strata to break near the surface and to fold at greater depths. An 
extension of the geanticlinal axis is here obtained through gaping 
fractures, or by movements parallel to fault planes which must 
be inclined to the geanticlinal axis. Shortening of the geanticline 
is possible by faulting along fault planes which are not perpendicular 
to the geanticlinal axis. Similar relations prevail for a lengthening 
or a shortening of a section of the geanticlinal surface with a plane 
perpendicular to the geanticlinal axis. 
In addition to the control by the direction and the rate of the 
movement, the position of the fault planes is determined by a great 
many other factors, e.g., by stratification and by the composition 
and distribution of the rocks near the surface. Leaving out of 
consideration those local areas within which the anticlinal axis 
shows an important pitch, the morphological aspect of the surface 
will be controlled chiefly by the more or less horizontal transverse 
faults, the gaping transverse fractures, the more or less longitudinal 
faults, and the gaping longitudinal fractures. 
We are here considering those regions only of the geanticlinal 
surface where the faults, through their more or less equal position 
