576 H. A. BROUWER 
the fractured and faulted crust near the surface of the youngest 
phase of the deformation are the result of different stages of the 
same process. As has been stated above, p and gq will nearly 
coincide with az, and the bending of # and q is much less than is 
represented in the figures. In the case of the Strait of Manipa a. 
compression may even have been acting in the direction of the 
geanticlinal axis so that the origin of the strait may in part be due 
to transverse folding. But no sufficient data are as yet available 
for an exact judgment on the problem of deformation in space. 
We have seen that in the large bendings of the geanticlinal 
axis a distinction between Types I and II can be made, though if 
considered for bending at relatively small distances, these two 
types are very similar for the reason that p and q nearly coincide 
with a,. In the Timor-Ceram row the following rule seems to be 
approximately applicable: 
Considerable transverse fractures near the surface of the moving 
geanticline coincide with bending-points of the horizontal projection 
of the geanticlinal axis. 
In most cases it is clearly observable that the fractures near the 
surface have been formed by a movement having an important 
component normal to the fracture plane, and that the fractures 
near the bending-points are the surface expression of differences in 
rate of movement of neighboring points in the horizontal projection 
of the geanticlinal axis. 
RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT 
If we neglect the displacement of the geanticlinal axis parallel 
to itself, as has been done, we find evidence only for the relative 
horizontal displacements of different points in the geanticlinal 
axis. The absolute horizontal movement may be considerable, 
but it cannot be inferred from the surface characters of the present 
geanticlines. If our interpretation of the evolution of the central 
basin of Timor is correct, important absolute horizontal movements 
must have taken place at greater depth, while the superficial parts 
moved at a slower rate. This conception agrees with the inter- 
pretation of the evolution of the Western Alps, as this has been 
