668 REVIEWS 
steel-alloying metals, with the minor metals, and, finally, with coal and a 
few non-metallic mineral resources. 
The chapter on physiography in its relation to prospecting and mining 
is mainly a discussion of the influence of topography on the discovery 
and development of ore bodies and, reciprocally, the influence of ore 
bodies on topography. 
The chapter on minerals of economic value lists the composition and 
the principal physical properties of economic minerals and cites their 
main utilizations. 
The chapter on petrology and its application in industry is an 
exposition of petrology in its simplest form, defining the principal rock- 
forming mineral and the principal groups of igneous, sedimentary, and 
metamorphic rocks and expounding the application of petrology in 
geologic surveying, in the study of ore deposits, in engineering, architec- 
ture, and agriculture. 
The chapter on the relation of the law to prospecting and mining 
covers the legal restrictions governing the location and development of 
mineral deposits in Western Australia. Three points of contrast between 
the Western Australian mining laws and those of the United States 
are noteworthy. In the United States, discovery must precede the 
staking out of mining claims and ground cannot be validly held until 
there has been an actual discovery of mineral. In Western Australia 
ground can be marked out and held, even though no minerals have 
been discovered. In the United States title in fee simple to a mining 
claim is acquired by patent, subject to extra-lateral rights of adjoining 
claim-owners. In Western Australia the crown does not part with the 
title to the land. Leasehold is the rule, coupled with labor conditions. 
In Western Australia the principle of extra-lateral rights, which 
has resulted in so much troublesome litigation in the United States, 
does not apply but the holder of a mining lease is only entitled to such 
portions of the lode or lodes as occur within the boundaries of his lease 
extended vertically downward from the surface. 
An interesting feature of the Western Australian mining law is the 
provision for a reward of up to one thousand pounds, offered for the 
discovery of payable gold at a place distant more than two miles from 
any place where payable gold has up to then been discovered. Several 
other forms of governmental assistance to mining include advances for 
the purpose of pioneer mining and prospecting, the establishment and 
subsidizing of plants for ore treatment, assistance for drilling, including 
the purchase or hire of drilling plants, the advancement of money for 
