428 KIRK BRYAN 



all relatively strong springs, though none of them are considered 

 to be "hot" springs. The two cold springs in the pavihon, Liver 

 and Kidney, are small seeps and their waters are similar in type 

 and total content with Happy Hollow, Happy Hollow Chalybeate, 

 and Red Chalybeate springs. The last-mentioned spring was not 

 seen but the two Happy Hollow springs and the springs in the 

 pavilion have their origin in the storage of rain water in soil, talus, 

 and the upper fractured part of the underlying rocks. There 

 seems then to be a notable difference between the shallow meteoric 

 waters and the waters of larger springs. 



In 1904 Boltwood^ determined the radioactivity of samples from 

 forty-four springs. He found no evidence of radium salts in the 

 water and attributes the radioactivity to the presence of radium 

 emanation, a gas. The intensity of radioactivity varies from 0.5 

 to 265.8, a numerical expression for the equivalent uranium repre- 

 sented by the radium emanation (gXio"'^ U). There are, there- 

 fore, great differences in the radioactivity of the springs, but 

 their average intensity is 24.9. The cold springs north of the 

 Arlington have activities of 17.4 and 106.8. The spring having an 

 activity of 106.8 is exceeded by only one of the hot springs, and the 

 other has an activity not far from the average of the hot waters. 

 Boltwood says: "As a general summary it can be stated that it 

 has been found impossible to establish any connection between 

 the temperature, flow, location, or chemical composition of the 

 water of the springs and the observed differences in the radioactive 

 properties."^ 



Previous observations on temperature have been reviewed by 

 Weed: 



In 1804 Dunbar and Hunter recorded a temperature of 100° F., for the 



larger spring and 154° F. for another spring The comparison of the 



old records with those recently made shows that the highest temperature 

 known today is 147° F, as agaiast 154° in 1804, and 150° by Glasgow and 148° 

 by Owen in i860. In a number of springs there is a decUne of 2° since the 

 latter date. Such a slight difference might, however, be due to differences 

 in the manner or place of taking temperatures, or the instruments used in the 



' Bertram B. Boltwood, Ann. Rept. Secy, of Interior, 1904; also Amer. Jour. ofSci., 

 4th Ser., Vol. XX (1905), pp. 128-32. 

 ^ Ibid., p. 132. 



