70 A. C. G. Cameron — Kellaicays Beds near Bedford. 



the Kellaways beds beneath Bletcbley may include granitic blocks 

 and boulders embedded in the sand. 



The hardness of the Kellaways when dug at any depth might well 

 account for the incessant pounding and tediousness in making this 

 ))oring. Prof. Barker describes the Kellaways stone as "obstinate," 

 blunting the chisel of the excavators, and resisting any forces but 

 dynamite and gunpowder. Should other borings afford no further 

 information, Granite in the Bletcbley Boring will remain unique in 

 our local geology, and justly excite much wonder. 



North of the Humber, where tlie lands bulge out at Drewton-on- 

 the- Wolds and overlook the Humber flat, there is a greater thickness 

 of Kellaways sand than has been observed throughout the central 

 plain of England. At the Drewton cutting of the Hull and Barnsley 

 railway, there is a tendency throughout of the sand to consolidate. 

 Big boulder-like stones are not, as before, the most prominent 

 i'eature, being replaced b}'- blocks of tough siliceous sandstone 

 weathering out in planes amongst the softer beds of sand. Above 

 are fossiliferous beds of hard ferruginous sand, giving a very brown 

 and irony look to this cutting. 



From this point northwards the rocky character of these beds is 

 maintained, and the Kellaways, if lacking in the peculiarities 

 developed in the south, leave England with importance on the 

 Yorkshire coast. 



Since writing the above paper I see that Conybeare and Phillips, 

 in describing the Lias, state that "irregular beds consist of fibrous 

 limestone and cement stones (septaria), so called because used in 

 making Parker's cement. Where the fibres are not parallel to each 

 other, they often form that irregular substance so common in the 

 Coal-measures, to which an organic structure has often erroneously 

 been attributed and termed the cone-in-cone coral." ^ 



Observations on the Extension of the Fuller's Earth Works, 

 AT WoBURN Sands. 



Fuller's-earth possesses remarkable grease-absorbing and cleansing 

 properties, which places it foremost amongst the list of mineral 

 detergents. The water thrown out by this formation is very soft 

 and pure, and blocks of the earth have been placed in wells to 

 purify the water. A superior quality of Fuller's-earth is procured 

 from the Lower Greensand at Apsley Heath, in Bedfordshire. 



Until lately the means adopted to work this mineral consisted 

 simply of cylindrical holes in the sand, called "earth wells," or 

 merely "wells," dug down to the Fuller's-earth, and without lining 

 of any sort, and of these there were but two. 



The operations now in progress bid fair, however, to give rise to 

 no small stir in the place. 



On the brow of this hill are the offices of the Fuller's-earth 

 Company, with kilns for drying, and grinding mills used in the 

 preparation of the earth. Sinking and shafting and the laying-out 

 of underground works are carried on ; and the little waggons with 



1 Outlines of the Geology of England and Wales, p. 264 (18'22). 



