Obituary —Mr. Frederick Drew, F.G.8. 143 



principal contributions to science during these seven j^ears included 

 an important paper on the Hastings Sands, published in the 

 •Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. for 1861, and an account of the Geology 

 of Folkestone, Rye, and Romney Marsh, which appeared in the 

 Geological Survey Memoirs. The subdivisions of the Hastings Sands 

 proposed by Drew have been accepted by the Survey and by British 

 geologists generally, and he introduced some modifications of much 

 value in the classification of the Lower Cretaceous beds throughout 

 the Wealden area. 



In 1862 the Maharaja of Kashmir desired to have the services of 

 a geologist to report on the mining wealth of his country, and the 

 appointment was accepted by Drew, who remained for ten years in. 

 Kashmir. At first he was, nominally, engaged in mining research ; 

 naturally the ideas of an Indian Maharaja and those of a European 

 geologist as to the methods and objects of such inquiries would 

 differ materially, and it is not only highly creditable to Drew, 

 but rather remarkable that, despite the inherent difficulties of his 

 position, he should have impressed the Maharaja and his advisers so 

 favourably as to be appointed first to the governorship of Jummu, 

 and subsequently to the still more important one of Ladak. There 

 can be no question that his skill and tact in dealing with natives of 

 India, and his even temper and coolness in emergency, led to his 

 being entrusted with the important posts that he filled. 



The principal results of his residence in Kashmir, and of the 

 exceptional opportunities he enjoyed for seeing the country and its 

 inhabitants, were communicated to the public in his well-known 

 work on Jummu and Kashmir, published in 1875.^ The greater 

 part of his geological observations were necessarily reported to the 

 Kashmir Government alone, but some purely scientific notes on the 

 alluvial deposits that occupy so enormous an area in the Upper 

 Indus Basin, as in other parts of Central Asia, were communicated 

 by him to the Geological Society.^ A large portion of this paper is 

 an account of the physical geography of the country, and describes 

 the land contours and their mode of origin in Ladak and other parts 

 of Kashmir territory, whilst the work on Jummu and Kashmir is 

 a storehouse of geographical and ethnological data, of which later 

 writers have frequently had occasion to avail themselves. The 

 work is well written and extremely interesting. An abridged edition 

 was published by the author in 1877, under the title of " Northern 

 Barrier of India." 



The only communication to the publications of the Eoyal Geo- 

 graphical Society that appeared from Drew's pen was his description, 

 in a letter to Sir Eoderick Murchison, of the steps taken, under 

 instructions from the Maharaja of Kashmir, to ascertain the circum- 

 stances attending the murder of Mr, Hayward, the well-known 

 explorer of the countries lying north of Kashmir. Mr. Hayward, 



^ The Jummo and Kashmir Territories, a Geographical Account. By Frederick 

 Drew, F.G.S., F.E.G.S., Assoc.R.S.M. London, 1875. 8vo. pp. xvi. and 568. 

 8 folding maps and sections, and 34 illustrations. 



2 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. yoI. xxix. 1873, pp. 411-471. 



