Bevmvs — J. M. Clarlie — Clymenia in New York. 173 



that of the " tuffeaux " ; but quartz and other minerals are less 

 abundant, Sponge spicules rarer, and Diatoms are absent, whilst 

 Badiolaria make up a third or even a half. The minute sphgeroidal 

 objects are less globular and smaller ; but, when isolated, prove to 

 be Badiolaria of Hackel's Sphceridce group, a large number belonging 

 to the Disphcerid(B. M. Cayeux has not found Badiolaria in the 

 Cretaceous " gaizes." Dr. Kiist has discovered quantities in the 

 Jurassic jaspers, flints, cherts, etc., of Hanover, Bavaria, the Tyrol, 

 etc. The Oxfordian clays above mentioned are to be regarded as 

 ranking with Hackel's "mixed Eadiolarian rocks"; not being so 

 rich as "the pure Eadiolarian rocks" of Nikobar (Oligocene), 

 Barbadoes (Miocene), and the Jura (Jurassic) ; and therefore 

 deposited at a less depth than 2000 fathoms, to which condition 

 the included quartz sand also has reference. 



§ II. The probable origin of the silica in the Gaize and the Tuffeaux. 

 M. Cayeux, previously treating of the microscopic fossils of the 

 tufifeau and gaize, and of the Meule (Millstone) of Bracquegnies, 

 showed that there are Sponges in each of these, that there are 

 Sponges and Radiolarians in the "gaize," and, besides these, numerous 

 Diatoms in the "tuffeau." These organisms naturally secreted silica 

 from the sea-water, and left it when they died. The origin of the 

 flint of the Chalk is here referred to this kind of intervention on 

 the part of Sponges, and the silica of the tuffeaux and gaizes to 

 the above-mentioned siliceous organisms. In these opinions the 

 author finds support in conclusions arrived at by Dr. Hinde and 

 Messrs. Jukes-Browne and Hill. T. E. J. 



:r:ei-^x:s'^77S. 



I. — Note on the Discovery of Clymenia in North America. 



THE recent discovery of Clymenia in the Upper Devonian (In- 

 tumescens-zone) of Western New York by Mr. John M. Clarke 

 is as unexpected as it is interesting.^ The Clymenia was found in 

 a calcareous concretion in Shurtleff's Gully, Livingston County, New 

 York," not far up in the shales of the Naples Beds," and was' accom- 

 panied by specimens of Gephyroceras, Tornoceras,^ Bactrites, sp. nov. 

 (near to B. carinatus, Miinst.), Loxonema Noe, Clarke, Bal(Sotrochvs 

 prcecursor, Clarke, Platy stoma minutissimum, Clarke, etc. The speci- 

 mens comprised "about thirty examples of a single species \_CJymenia 

 (Cyrtoclymenia) Neapolitana, sp. nov.] in an exceptionally fine con- 

 dition of preservation, affording the various stages of growth from 

 the protoconch to maturity." The species is remarkably small, the 

 largest mature individual collected having a diameter of only 14 

 millimetres. The umbilicus is wide, exposing all the volutions, 

 the number of which is 6| or 6. The whorls are flattened on the 



1 See Amer. Joiirn. Sci. Jan. 1892, vol. xliii. p. 57. 



2 It may be well to explain that the names Gephyroceras and Tornoceras apply to 

 genera of Goniatites, erected by Hyatt out of the old genus Goniatites. 



