Correspondence — Mr. Mellard Reade — Mr. J. Lomas. 191 



discusses the land-ice and submergence hypotheses, and concludes 

 that his observations distinctly strengthen the grounds for believing 

 in a subruergence of the land to an extent of not less than 1400 feet. 

 An Appendix contains details of nineteen mechanical analyses of 

 tills, sands, and gravels, and a bibliography of papers, observations, 

 and theories of the high-level drifts of Moel Tryfaen, 



coi^ia:K!s:F'on:srx):n]i<rcE. 



EEADE'S THEORY OF M0U2«[TAI]Sr BUILDING. 



Sir, — Mr. Jukes- Browne seems to holds peculiar, not to say ex- 

 acting, views of the way scientific controversy should be conducted. 



Having replied to Mr. Davison's criticisms on a fundamental 

 principle, without a rejoinder from him, though nearly a year has 

 since elapsed, I am now invited to go on answering him imtil some 

 unnamed but " good physicists " are satisfied. I need hardly say 

 that this is a labour I must decline. At the same time, I am ready 

 to meet fairly any good physicists who are prepared to speak in 

 their own names. T. Mellakd Reade. 



March 9th, 1892. 



ON A FAULT WITHOUT A THROW. 



Sir, — The north-western part of the Wirral — the district forming 

 the western horn of Cheshire — is very extensively faulted. The 

 prevailing direction of the faults is north and south, but at places 

 east and west faults are met with. These abut against the north 

 and south faults and are generally terminated by them. 



A remarkable characteristic of many of these east and west faults 

 is that although they possess slickensided faces and there is evidence 

 of great movements, there is little or no throw. 



A very good example is now exposed near Caldy Grange Grammar 

 School, West Kirby. There is a fine flank exposure of a north and 

 south fault just behind the school. It was described by Mr. 0. W. 

 Jeffs in 1887 (Proc. Liverpool Geol. Soc. vol. v. p. 247). He men- 

 tioned three east and west faults which terminated against the main 

 fault. Since that time another east and west fault has been exposed 

 and was described by Messrs. Beasley and Lomas before the Liver- 

 pool Geological Society in February, 1892. This fault has been 

 traced westwards from the main fault for about a third of a mile, 

 and in one part forms a ridge of fault-rock beautifully slickensided 

 about 6 feet wide and rising like a wall above the surrounding 

 Upper Bunter to a height of 6 to 8 feet. 



A transverse section is seen in a little cutting west of the Water- 

 works, and the beds are continued across the fault without the 

 slightest displacement. 



Similar east and west faults have been noticed at Storeton and 

 other places, but, so far as I can ascertain, no satisfactory theory has 

 been advanced to explain their peculiarities. 



In the Caldy Grange fault the Keuper has been faulted down 

 against the Bunter. It does not follow that the Keuper would move 



