230 Koiicrs of 2femoirs — G. B. Buckton on Fossil Aphklce, etc. 



of Scliambelen (Aargau), Switzerland, 0. Heer enumerates 143 

 fossil Insects, of which 12 are Hemiptera. The Jurassic PalcBontiua 

 oolitica, from Stonesfiehl, was referred by Mr. A. G. Butler to 

 Lepidoptera, but others believe it to belong to Cicadce. In some of 

 the Purbeck beds of Wilts and Dorset Insects are known to be 

 abundant, as shown especially by Brodie and Westwood, in 1844 

 and 1854. Of the Tettigida;, Prof. Westwood determined remains of 

 a small CicadeUina, and of a Cercopis and Bi/lhoscopus. Though 

 Insect remains are plentiful in many Eocene Tertiary beds, only iu 

 the gypsum of Aix-en-Provence have discoveries of Cercopidce, 

 CixiidcB, and CicadelliiKe been made. 



To the Oligocene period Mr. Scudder I'efers the remarkable fresh- 

 water insectiferous deposits of Colorado, which form part of islets 

 in the Florissant Lake. The fauna and flora agree partly with those 

 of ffiningen near Schaffhausen, and Eadaboj in Croatia, which 

 belong to the Miocene. In British Columbia, Dr. G. M. Dawson 

 discovered some lacustrine insect-bearing strata, believed also to be 

 Oligocene in age ; and they have yielded to Mr. Scudder 19 Hemiptera, 

 of which only two ai-e truly Heinipterous ; whilst there are eleven 

 Homopterous Cercopidce, three Fulgoridce, and two Aphidce. All are 

 of larger size than the usual Tertiary Insects. Of all the American 

 fossil insects, from areas far apart, 612 species have been described, 

 of which the Hemiptera form the large proportion of 266 species, 

 and Mr. Scudder regards the known European species of Hemiptera 

 as numbering 218. 



The Miocene of Switzerland has yielded multitudes of fossil 

 Insects, mostly discovered and described by 0. Heer. Among 

 them are 636 Heraipterous species; and by far the majority of 

 these are larval forms. The presence of at least one Cicada, and 

 the numerical preponderance of Reduviidtc, Scidata, and Coreodece, 

 also the occurrence of several fine Cercopndce and large Water-bugs, 

 give good evidence that a warmer climate (especially milder winters) 

 then prevailed over Central Europe than now. 0. Heer thought 

 also that as these insects undergo an incomplete metamorphosis, and 

 are more or less active in their pupal conditions, they were better 

 suited to regions not subjected to the rigours of long cold winters. 



From the Miocene of Greenland and Spitzbergen examples of 

 Cercopis and Pentatoma have been obtained. From New South 

 Wales Mr. R. Etheridge, jun., has described (1890) the fossil Cicada 

 Loioei. 



The Amber of the Baltic and elsewhere (pp. 171-173 ; see also 

 " Monogr. Aphides," pp. 160-165) contains many specimens of 

 Tettigidce, of these Mr. Buck ton's Plate G illustrates two specimens 

 of Typhlocyba, two (?) of Jnssus, one of Tettigonia, and four of 

 Cixins ; also one Cicada in copal-resin from Zanzibar. 



Of other fossil Tetligida;, Mr. Buckton's Plate F illustrates Butler's 

 Paleeoutina oolitica (elytron) ; two species of CicadelUum and one 

 of Cercopidium, from the Purbecks ; one Cicada and two species 

 of Cercopodium from the Swiss Miocene ; one Agallia, one Petro- 

 lystra, and one Palacpliora, from the Oligocene of Colorado ; also 



