H. H. Hoicorth — The Mammoth and the Glacial Drift. 253 



only be treated as a boulder, since it was quite detached ; this is 

 suggested by Mr. Bald, and it in no way evidences an old land 

 surface ; but it seems to me there is no warrant for describing it as 

 having come out of "the heart of the stiff clay." 



A skull of Bos primigenius was found in 1868, near Croft Head 

 in Kenfrewshire, imbedded some few feet deep in a soft clay or mud, 

 interlaminated with lines and beds of sand, and occasional layers 

 of fine gravel. In some of the layers of clay there was a little 

 vegetable matter in a state of decay. These beds were overlain by 

 Till full of scratched stones (Geikie, Geol. Mag. Vol. V. p. 393, etc.). 



In a paper on this deposit, in Vol. VII. of the same Magazine, 

 Mr. Geikie says that it subsequently yielded remains of the Horse 

 and Irish Deer. He reaffirms the opinion that the overlying clay in 

 this instance is the true Boulder-clay, that it is in situ, and in no 

 sense due to a landslip. 



On the 6th of March, 1879, there was exhibited before the 

 Geological Society of Glasgow a well-preserved molar of a Mammoth 

 found four years before in sinking a pit on Mainhill Farm, near 

 Baillieston, east of Glasgow. It was found in a bed of purely 

 laminated sandy clay, at a depth of 33 feet below the present land 

 surface, the sand bed being from 40 to 45 feet thick, and resting 

 directly upon the rock-head or Coal-measures without any inter- 

 vening Till or other superficial strata. In cutting the line of railway 

 leading to the pit, the sand bed was seen to be overlapped by a 

 thick bed of stiff dark-coloured Boulder-clay full of large travelled 

 stones, which thinned away as the pit was approached, and the 

 sand bed rose to the surface. Mr. Young remarked that here we 

 had another instance of the occurrence of the Mammoth in Scotland 

 during pre-Glacial times, and he went on to remark that in all the 

 cases which had occurred in Scotland, the Mammoth remains he says 

 " had either been derived from pre-Glacial beds below the Till or from 

 the Till itself. Dr. Geikie has never been able satisfactorily to show 

 that the Mammoth-bearing inter-Glacial beds, in any of the places 

 where they have been found, rested on an older Boulder-clay, 

 although he says that at other spots, such as Kilmaurs, intercalated 

 beds are found in the same district between the two Tills ; but 

 unfortunately for his contention, these beds have never as yet 

 yielded any Mammoth remains, nor any of the other organisms 

 found associated with them. When traces of the Mammoth have 

 been got in Boulder-clay, they may in all probability have been 

 derived from the denudation of pre-Glacial beds in the same 

 district" (Proc. GeoL Soc. Glasgow, 1878-9, p. 291). 



In January, 1882, there was exhibited before the Glasgow Geol. 

 Soc. a fragment of a tusk of the Mammoth which had been found 

 in sinking a pit on the farm of Drummuir, Dreghorn. This was 

 found in a bed of sand underlying 76 feet of Boulder-clay (Trans. 

 Geol. Soc. Glasgow, vol. viii. pt. ii. p. 213, etc.). 



In a paper by Messrs. Craig and Young, in the third volume of 

 the Trans, of the Geol. Soc. of Glasgow, they say, inter alia, that if 

 we look at the recorded instances of the occurrence of the Mammoth 



