S. H. Hoivorth — The Mammoth and the Glacial Drift. 255 



laid down the Mammoth beds) was anterior to the movement of 

 waters which brought many Cambrian rocks through the pass of 

 Stainmoor and dispersed them over the hills and valleys and ante- 

 diluvial lake deposits of Yorkshire" {op. cit. pp. 12-19). 



Speaking of the Hessle beds containing Mammalian remains, he 

 says : " As they are now covered up by a great thickness of clay 

 and pebbles derived from a far greater distance {i.e. by the Drift), 

 we count them the spoils of pre-Glacial land" {id. pp. 57, 58). 



Teeth of Mammoths sometimes occur in the Boulder-clay in 

 Yorkshire as they do elsewhere, but are clearly derivative and 

 boulders. Phillips has remarked how in certain places only the 

 teeth occur, and no other parts of the skeleton {id. p. 74) ; when 

 bones occur under these circumstances, they are always scattered 

 and generally rolled {id. p. 170). 



In regard to the deposits in Kirkdale cave, he points out their 

 analogy with those occurring at Bulbecks, " where glacial drift 

 overlies the bones," adding " that Kirkdale cavern was occupied in 

 the pre-Glacial condition of the land which is now Yorkshire was 

 my earliest opinion, and seems still to be the most probable inference 

 in the present state of knowledge " {id. 169-171). 



This opinion about Kirkdale cavern is interesting, for the evidence 

 is fast accumulating to show that the cavern deposits at all events 

 are older than the distribution of the Till. I should like to refer to 

 another northern cavern, where, although no Mammalian remains 

 occurred, there seems to have been a very decided invasion of Drift. 



Speaking of the cavern at Stainton-in-Furness, Mr. Cameron 

 says : "The floor of a gallery resembles the bed of a dry mountain 

 torrent, being strictly strewn with water-worn pebbles and boulders. 

 Soft yellow clay occurs, frequently also gravel ; while again in other 

 places there is a pavement of hard dry clay split up by cracks into 

 octagonal-shaped masses. ... In this gallery are also Silurian 

 boulders, often cemented together in huge masses. A few of these 

 boulders are of a larger size than to have allowed of their entrance 

 through the as yet only known inlet to the place. Ireleth, about 

 4^ miles off, is the nearest place where this rock is in situ, and 

 boulders and fragments of rock are often met with, thrown against 

 each other in the direst confusion as if impelled along by a very 

 strong current and suddenly stopped" (Geol. Mag. Vol. VIII. 

 pp. 312, 313). 



We will now turn to the famous Victoria Cavern, where a 

 considerable polemic arose in regard to the interpretation of the 

 facts. It must be remembered that this discussion was before the 

 more recent discoveries of Dr. Hicks, etc., in North Wales. Prof. 

 Dawkins, who took the view in the paper that the remains in this 

 cave were post- Glacial, says in the discussion that he could not say 

 whether the Victoria Cave was pre-Glacial or Glacial, nor even 

 define its relation to the Glacial period. The age of the clays was, 

 he said, a matter of opinion (Q.J.G.S. vol. xxxiii. p. 612). 



Other explorers of the cavern were much more emphatic in their 

 view. Mr. Tiddeman, who drew up the report to the British Asso- 



