Sir H. S. Soioorth — The Mammoth and the Glacial Drift. 399 



Boulder-clay extends, always cropping out at or close to its base, 

 and never in a single instance occurring away from it. This 

 remarkable association is only explicable on the supposition that the 

 Brandon beds are older than the chalky Boulder-clay, and indeed 

 that clay can be actually seen lying thick upon them, and often 

 contorting them, sometimes for a mile at a stretch. Up to the 

 present time they have yielded implements or flakes at Botany Bay 

 (near Brandon), Mildenhall brickyard. High Lodge, Mildenhall, 

 Bury St. Edmunds, West Stow, and Culford. The first discovery 

 was at Botany Bay, and at the time no Boulder-clay was visible at 

 the precise spot, but it has since been met with, and I had the 

 pleasure of the experience of Mr. Amund Holland when this fact 

 was made clear. At Mildenhall brickyard and High Lodge good 

 thick chalky Boulder-clay overlies the Brandon beds, whence many 

 implements have been obtained, and at Culford, whence I dug out 

 a good flake, in company with Mr. F. J. Bennett, the Brandon 

 beds are worked under 15 feet of chalky Boulder-clay, and can be 

 traced beneath that deposit for the distance of a mile to the east- 

 ward " (Age of Palaeolithic Man, pp. 67-69). 



I ought to say that on a copy of this Memoir in the Jermyn 

 Street Museum there is, in the handwriting of Professor Ramsay, 

 the following note attached to a section : " Pit beneath Boulder-clay, 

 opened for some years, and dug into again in 1878, where the flint 

 implements were found, sent to the Museum by Mr. J. C. May- 

 nard of Brandon " (id. p. 68). 



In regard to the beds at Mildenhall, where Mr. Skertchly found 

 his Palaeolithic implements, Mr. H. B. Woodward, who has examined 

 the locality carefully, says : " There was brick-earth overlaid by 



Boulder-clay There was no escape from the conclusion 



that the brick-earth was older than the Boulder-clay. This bed of 

 brick-earth, and other beds of brick-earth near Thetford, interested 

 me much, for I had come across similar beds near Norwich, which 

 were older than the Boulder-clay. Sir A, C. Eamsay, Mr. Bristow, 

 Mr. Whitaker, and others, have now seen the sections described by 

 Mr. Skertchly, and have agreed with him that the brick-earth, said 

 to contain Palseolithic implements, is older than the Boulder-clay " 

 (Proceedings Geologists Association, vol. ix. number i.). 



Speaking of the gravels at Ipswich in which Mammalian remains 

 have occurred, Mr. Whitaker refers to the difficulty of classifying 

 the gravel and in dividing it from the like deposit of glacial age 

 against which it ends off. He also speaks of the Boulder-clay having 

 heen found at the surface in the town itself (Geology of Ipswich, etc., 

 p. 93). 



Elsewhere he writes of finding pieces of bone or of Elephant's 

 tusk, with shells, in a low cliff of buff sand and loam lying directly 

 on London Clay {id. p. 95). 



The horizon of the famous Mammalian deposit at Barrington in 

 Cambridgeshire has been much discussed and it has been very dog- 

 matically stated on more than one occasion that the beds are post- 

 Glacial, meaning posterior to the deposition of the drifts. I cannot 



