Rev. E. Kill — On Rapid Elemtion. 405 



reddish-sandy contorted stratum, full of large flints both angular 

 and water-worii, and of quartz pebbles, and confusedly bedded, is 

 found in just the same situation as the drift beds above named 

 ('/d. p. 96). At Erith, Mr. Dawkins discusses an interesting section, 

 in which he found the same superposition ; and he specially remarks 

 upon the presence of a large block of black clay, with its angular 

 shape preserved, which had been transported about 150 yards and 

 deposited in the Trail, and says of it : " It is altogether impossible 

 that this angular mass of clay could be transported more than 

 150 yards, preserving its angularity, and deposited in such a matrix, 

 by any other agency than that of ice. The tract here was highly 

 contorted, conti-asting much with the horizontal beds below it " 

 {id. p. 98). He concludes that the beds at the several points 

 described are contemporary, and that they establish that after the 

 temperate conditions marked by the Mammalian remains, they were 

 followed by a period of intense cold, in which stones, sand, clay, 

 and indeed whatever came within the reach ' of the ice in the 

 neighbourhood, was caught up and deposited in a most confused 

 jumble on its melting {id. p. 99) ; and in summing up the case he 

 puts the Lower Brick-earths of the Thames Valley distinctly below 

 the Glacial beds {id. p. 109). 



In discussing Mr. Dawkins's results, Mr. Marr, in the Geological 

 Magazine, suggests that the beds of the Thames Valley containing 

 transported materials may be an inland extension of the Boulder- 

 clay on the same level {op. eit. vol. iv. p. 100). 



Lastly, we have the most recent discovery of all, so lately dis- 

 cussed before the Geological Society by Dr. Hicks, where an old 

 land surface containing considerable unweathered remains of the 

 Mammoth was found in the heart of London reposing directly on 

 the London clay, overlain by a clay containing drift from Hertford- 

 shire, and filled with chalk, which Dr. Hicks, as I think, most 

 conclusively correlates with the chalky Boulder-clay. 



I have now examined every instance known to me where it is 

 possible to test by superposition the question of the relative age of 

 the Mammoth beds and the Drift in the British Isles, and I claim 

 to have shown that, as tested by these islands, the Mammoth beds 

 are in every instance overlain by the Drift, and are never underlaid 

 by it. I propose in another paper to consider how far this con- 

 clusion is supported by the evidence from foreign countries. 



III. — On Eapid Elevation of Submerged Lands and the Possible 



Eesults. 



By Eev. E. Hill. 

 Late Fellow and Tutor of St. John's College, Cambridge. 



IT is not impossible that readers of a paper lately published by 

 our venerated senior geologist may have been startled, some for 

 one reason others for another and opposite. On reading the sugges- 

 tions he has put forward as to the results from rapid elevations over 

 southern England, some will recoil as at a revival of catastrophic 

 machinery ; some on the other hand may hail the invention of a 



