432 Correspondence — Mr. W. S. Greskij, F.G.8. 



Mr. Shone. Possibly I may have overlooked some similar section, bnt 

 I do not remember reading of any such subsidence in older forma- 

 tions. It is very remarkable that such an active agent has not been 

 observed in the Tertiary formations of the South of England, where 

 the beds of clay and sand are similar, and occur under the same 

 conditions. G. H. Mokton. 



209, Edge Lane, Liverpool. 

 July 16 th, 1892. 



" CONE-IN-CONE " STEUCTURE. 



Sir, — Observing that the " Cone-in-Cone " controversy still goes 

 on in the Geological Magazine, I beg you will permit me to 

 remark in this connection, that the question whether this puzzling 

 formation occurs on both sides of slabs and nodular masses of cal- 

 careous rocks, clay-ironstone, etc., i.e. whether the apices of the 

 layers of cones point upwards as well as downwards or not, was set 

 at rest long since, at all events to my entire satisfaction [See Geol. 

 Mag. for January, 1887, p. 17]. It seems to me that Fig. 5 therein 

 entirely upsets Mr. Jno. Young's theory of how this rock was formed. 



Since I resided in U.S.A. my attention has repeatedly been called 

 to double cone-in-cone (one layer over another, with the cones set 

 in opposite directions) occurring in a certain bed of limestone in 

 the Lower Productive Coal-measures of Western Pennsylvania, as 

 well as in the Portage-beds of the Devonian series, upon which the 

 place I write from is built ; but as yet I have not had an oppor- 

 tunity of demonstrating that the said double cone-in-cone exists, by 

 making a photograph of same in situ, which I mean to do as soon as 

 possible, and send you a copy of. I may, however, say here, that 

 this variety of cone-rock occurs both in flat irregular-shaped nodules 

 or cakes, and also in beds, whenever or generally when the lime- 

 stone-bed it runs in thins down to only a few inches. I do not 

 imagine that the cone-in-cone coal, spoken of by Mr. Garwood in 

 this month's Geol Mag. (July, 1892, p. 334) can be of similar origin 

 to that so often seen in clay-ironstones, limestones, etc. 1 think 

 Mr. Garwood's cone-formation in coal is what miners sometimes 

 call " cockscomb coal ;" a structure commonly met with in the 

 smokeless coal-beds of Glamorganshire, and more rarely in anthra- 

 cite in Pembrokeshire. The "Hard mine" seam of N. Staffordshire 

 sometimes exhibits a somewhat similar fracture, and I once detected 

 cone-coal in the ordinary pit-coal (bituminous) of the " main " 

 seam in Leicestershire. It runs in the semi-bituminous coals of 

 Liege, Belgium. I look at it in coal as a kind of crystallization. 

 Erie, Penna., U.S.A., W. S. Gresley, F.G.S. 



UthJuhj, 1892. 



nvvdzisoELijj^isriEOTJS, 



We have much pleasure in announcing that the Queen has been pleased to approve 

 of the following; promotion in the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (Civil 

 Division); to be K.C.B., Professor William Henry Flower, C.B., F.fi.S., 

 Director of the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Eoad, S.W. 



